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1

Cadmium removal by alginate beads in an air-lift reactor

100%
Wojnowska-Baryla I., Babuchowski A.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 2
186-194
EN
This paper presents the results of a research on cadmium removal by alginate beads from an aqueous solution in an air-lift reactor. The research focused on the ability of alginate to establish an unstable coupling between cadmium and ionogenic groups of this polysaccharide. Cadmium removal by the alginate beads took place in the air-lift reactor in two phases: sorption and desorption.. The efficiency of cadmium uptake by the alginate beads in the air-lift reactor was investigated in relation to the influent concentration of cadmium amounting to 5, 10, 50 mg Cd+2? dm 3 at flow rates of 2 and 4 L ? min-1. The efficiency varied from 48.5% to 91.9% depending on the sorption duration. Cadmium recovery from the alginate beads was achieved by reducing pH up to 1.8 by 0.5 M nitric acid. The efficiency of cadmium recovery amounted to 59.8 - 96.0 %.
2

Batch propionic acid fermentation using propionibacterium sp. immobilized in different supports

88%
Czaczyk K., Trojanowska K.
|
|
issue 1
188-198
EN
Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii 1 and 4 were immobilized in the living state in 2, 3 and 4% alginate gels, in 2, 4 and 6% carrageenan gels, in 2, 4 and 6% carrageenan/locust bean gum gels and on ceramic support. Ammonia consumption, glucose utilization, production of propionic and acetic acids, biosynthesis of vitamin B12 and cell release rate were examined. A significant increase of productivity of propionic acid and decrease of biosynthesis of vitamin B12 using immobilized cells were observed. The best results were obtained in the fermentation with strains immobilized in 4% alginate gel, when applied for the third time. In this case, production of propionic acid was 50% higher in comparison with free cells and biosynthesis of vitamin B12 was lower or the same as in the control.
3

Entrapment of immobilised in situ intracellular lipase of Mucor in microporous capsules

75%
Antczak T., Bugla J., Mastalerz M., Niemiec A., Szeja W., Slek M., Galas E.
Biotechnologia
|
2000
|
issue 4
142-151
EN
Lipases Mucor circinelloides and Mucor racemosus immobilised in situ were closed in microporous polysacharides hydrophilic gel cross-linked using a solution of calcium salts. In order to increase the porosity of polysacharides matrix during its cross-linking oligomer molecules of ethylene oxide (optimal Polikol 1000) were incorporated in the structure of the matrix. Then the oligomer was removed by acetone extraction. The obtained biocatalyst preparations were tested in hydrolysis of esters and esterification of oleic acid with butanol. The hydrolysis was carried out in water saturated organic solvents medium (n-hexane and diisopropylether). It was found that the efficiency of M. racemosus lipase immobilisation in hydrolysis of n-butyl oleate, n-butyl palmitate, n-butyl stearate, n-butyl laurate amounted to 60%. The efficiency of M. circinelloides lipase immobilisation in esterification of oleic acid with 1-butanol in hexane achieved 45%.
4

Encapsulation of immobilised in situ intracellurar lipases of Mucor

75%
Antczak T., Bugla J., Szeja W., Galas E.
Biotechnologia
|
1999
|
issue 1
172-179
EN
Endolipases associated with the cell structures of microorganisms are more active in comparison with purified enzymes. Due to the weak mechanical resistance lipases immobilised in situ cannot be used many times. The method of lipases encapsulation in polysacharides hydrophilic gels was elaborated. The lipases Mucor immobilised in situ were treated with oleic acid in hexane and then dispersed in an aqueous solution of sodium alginate or karagenate. Immobilisation of enzymes was achieved by intermolecular cross-linking of the polysacharide chains using the solution of calcium or potassium salts. The biocatalysts prepared under proposed conditions were active in hydrolysis of esters, as well as in esterification reaction. It was found that immobilised enzymes were active for a long time, were mechanically resistant and could be used many times in periodic and continuous processes.
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