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Miejska wyspa ciepła w Krakowie w świetle zastosowania sztucznych sieci neuronowych do opisu pola temperatury powietrza w Europie

100%
Skrzypski J., Kamiński W., Politechnika Łódzka W. I. P. i. O. Ś.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica
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1999
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vol. 3
PL
Analizowano rolę miejskiejwyspy ciepła w Krakowie w kształtowaniu warunków tennicznych z punktu widzenia klimatologii. Obliczenia przeprowadzone przy wykorzystaniu sztucznych sieci neuronowych wykazały, że miejska wyspa ciepła (czasami zaznaczająca się blitdzo wyrażnie) nie ujawnia wpływu antropogenicznej emisji ciepła na wzrost średniej temperatury powietrza.
EN
The role of urban heat island in Cracow in the formation of thermal conditions from the point of view of climatology was analyzed. Calculations made with the use of the artificial neural networks proved that the urban heat island (sometimes very distinctly marked) had no remarkable effect on the mean air temperature increase in the period of high anthropogenic heat emissions.
2
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Application of genetic algorithms to determine heavy metal ions sorption dynamics on clinoptilolite bed

100%
Tomczak E., Kamiński W.
Chemical and Process Engineering
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2012
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vol. 33
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issue 1
103-116
EN
In the last decade a growing interest was observed in low-cost adsorbents for heavy metal ions. Clinoptilolite is a mineral sorbent extracted in Poland that is used to remove heavy metal ions from diluted solutions. The experiments in this study were carried out in a laboratory column for multicomponent water solutions of heavy metal ions, i.e. Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II). A mathematical model to calculate the metals' concentration of water solution at the column outlet and the concentration of adsorbed substances in the adsorbent was proposed. It enables determination of breakthrough curves for different process conditions and column dimensions. The model of process dynamics in the column took into account the specificity of sorption described by the Elovich equation (for chemical sorption and ion exchange). Identification of the column dynamics consisted in finding model coefficients β, KE and Deff and comparing the calculated values with experimental data. Searching for coefficients which identify the column operation can involve the use of optimisation methods to find the area of feasible solutions in order to obtain a global extremum. For that purpose our own procedure of genetic algorithm is applied in the study.
3
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Efficiency of acetone-butanol-ethanol-water system separation by pervaporation

100%
Marszałek J., Kamiński W.
Chemical and Process Engineering
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2012
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vol. 33
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issue 1
131-140
EN
The article focuses on multicomponent system separation with the use of an innovative membrane-based technique i.e. pervaporation. Pervaporation is a membrane technique for separation of liquid mixtures on solid nonporous membranes. Pervaporation is used in this study to separate a quaternary system acetone-butanol-ethanol-water. Such a system may be derived from ABE fermentation process, and the resulting product, biobutanol, is a potential biofuel and may be used in internal combustion engines.Experiments in the study involving concentration of butanol by pervaporation were performed using PERVAP 4060 flat-sheet commercial membrane. To describe the PV process a semi-empirical approach was used. As a result of experiments and calculations permeance coefficients were obtained. Separation and permeance factors were calculated to assess the efficiency of the system separation. Beforehand, activity coefficients were determined for all the components of the mixture with the NRTL equation. Separation coefficients for all the components differed depending on process parameters: concentration, feed flow rate and process temperature. The study confirmed the separation effect of the quaternary system. The most interesting results were obtained for the concentration of butanol. Pervaporation allows to concentrate butanol over 10 times. The permeance coefficient reached for butanol an average value of 7.06·10-3 in comparison with the results for ethanol 3.24·10-2 and acetone 1.83·10-2 [kmol(m2h)-1]. The temperature change from 50 to 70°C led to an increased permeance factor and there was no apparent effect on it in the feed flow rate. Due to the hydrophobicity of the membrane water fluxes in the quaternary system were negative.
4
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Fractional Derivatives for Description of Sorption Kinetics in the Plant Sorbent - Metal Ions System

81%
Tomczak E., Kamiński W., Szczerkowska D.
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S
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2013
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vol. 20
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issue 3
499-506
EN
It was examined if buckwheat hull has a potential to be used to adsorb heavy metal ions Zn(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) from water. The research involved experiments aimed at the determination of sorption kinetics taking into consideration changes of concentration in a solution and sorbent over time. According to the literature data, kinetics is described with the use of pseudo first-order equations. Application of fractional derivatives for the description of sorption kinetics enables the development of the generalised sorption kinetics equation. Result analysis with this concept requires making a computational procedure using gamma functions and infinite series. Kinetics description using fractional derivatives will be equations with two parameters ie fraction of derivative α and the kinetics constant K dependent on the analysed sorbent-adsorbate system.
PL
W pracy wykorzystano łuskę gryki do procesu sorpcji jonów metali ciężkich Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II) i Cd(II) z roztworów wodnych. Wyznaczone zostały maksymalne pojemności sorpcyjne oraz stałe kinetyczne i równowagowe. Obliczone wartości pozwoliły na zastosowanie równań różniczkowych ułamkowych do opisu kinetyki sorpcji oraz uzyskania uogólnionego równania kinetyki sorpcji. Opracowanie wyników według tej koncepcji wymaga napisania procedury obliczeniowej wykorzystującej funkcje gamma oraz szeregi nieskończone. Równania kinetyki z wykorzystaniem pochodnych ułamkowych są równaniami o dwóch parametrach. Są to ułamek pochodnej i stała kinetyczna zależne od analizowanego układu sorbent - adsorbat.
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