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Zmiany wydajności Niebieskich Źródeł - przyczyny i skutki

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Małecka D., Warszawskiego I. H. i. G. I. U.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica

1997

vol. 2

The Niebieskie źródła Springs represent a unique site of the karst water type on the Polish Lowlands. Human intervention into the natural environment modyfied its surroundings and hydrological regime, changed output regression and even periodically caused total vanishing of the runoff. From among many reasons causing the above mentioned consequences borehole water extraction in Brzostówka opposite the Pilica river seems to be the most important one (fig. 1). However, considerations referring to output regression of the Niebieskie źródła Springs should not concentrate solelyon the nature reserve area because other factors, such as the conditions of ałimentation, circulation and drainage on the local scale should also be taken into account. Because the hydrodynamic balance had been upset as a result of water extraction in Brzostówka new water circulation ways were opened which enabled water runofT beyond the area drained by the karst springs. The recently started renovation and other works in the reserve area have gradually rebuilt water pressure but the real yield of the springs remained at a lower level oscillating around 60 l/s.

Rezerwat przyrody Niebieskie Źródła stanowi jedyne w swoim rodzaju stanowisko wód krasowych na Niżu Polskim. W ich charakterystyce, opartej na wieloletnich obserwacjach, uwzględniono proces zasilania oraz czynniki regionalne i lokalne wpływające na ten proces. Wskazano na przyrodniczo uwarunkowaną cykliczność i antropologeniczne przyczyny regresji wydatku źródeł.

Źródła Masywu Tatrzańskiego

100%

Małecka D., Uniwersytet Warszawski W. G.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica

1997

vol. 2

The Tatras are characterized by a high springability degree because of its considerable elevation above the surrounding Paleogene basins, deep cuttings in the massif by big river valleys and abundance of rainfall. The most common outflows are ftltration springs draining porous water of Quaternary deposits. Fissure springs which drain fissure water of crystalline core, lower Triassic quartzitic sandstones and sedimentary series with a smaller proportion of the carbonate rocks, are less numerous. The most productive outflows are springs and karst springs which are connected with the Tatra's carbonate sediments and, to a lesser degree, carbonate Eocene deposits (fig. l). The article includes the characteristics of these springs and karst springs which were monitored. Results of the stationary research, carried out since the 70s, showed that the dynamics and chemism of water drained by the Tatra's karst springs are decisively influenced by the location of the alimentation area. As far as the efficiency of outflows is concerned all the karst springs qualified for the III Meinzer's class. However, the karst springs can be divided into karst springs draining areas within orographic catchment basin of lower outputs between 3Q0-..400l/s (Chochołowskie and Bystre Springs) and those whose underground watersheds exceed orographic basin of the output between 500-700 Ifs (Lodowe, Goryczkowe, Olczyskie Springs). Carbonate Eocene is drained by the karst springs and springs of much lower outputs (IV and V Meinzer's class).

W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę źródeł obszaru tatrzańskiego. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na wywierzyska. Wskazano na dynamikę i chemizm wód drenowanych przez źródła.

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2 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica

2 1997

2 Małecka D.

1 Uniwersytet Warszawski W. G.

1 Warszawskiego I. H. i. G. I. U.

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Zmiany wydajności Niebieskich Źródeł - przyczyny i skutki

Źródła Masywu Tatrzańskiego