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Energy Transfer, Fluorescence and Scintillation Processes in Cerium-Doped RE^{3+} AlO_{3} Fast Scintillators

100%

Mares J., Nikl M.

Acta Physica Polonica A

1996

vol. 90

issue 1

45-54

Modern applications of scintillators in medical imaging of human body (Positron Emission Tomography - PET scanning, γ-cameras and other X-ray tomographies) require improved or even quite new scintillators which should be characterized by (i) fast response, (ii) high density and (iii) high light yield. At present time new scintillating crystals are investigated, mainly those having perovskite lattice structure of the formula RE^{3+} AlO_{3}:Ce where RE ^{3+} = Y^{3+}, Gd^{3+} and Lu^{3+}. Here, we will present the newest data with summarising properties of these types of scintillators including the mixed ones. Energy transfer processes between Ce^{3+} main centres and Ce^{3+} multisites are discussed together with their mechanisms including processes between Ce ^{3+} and Gd^{3+} ions. Finally, the characteristic properties of scintillating crystals based on perovskite structure are reviewed.

Czochralski Growth and Properties of Scintillating Crystals

81%

Yoshikawa A., Chani V., Nikl M.

Acta Physica Polonica A

2013

vol. 124

issue 2

250-264

The Czochralski method is one of the very few melt growth techniques that are industry friendly when considering the combination of quality, dimensions, and cost of the produced crystals suitable for their commercialization in scintillation detectors. This method is one of the oldest and most developed crystal growth processes regarding an adequate understanding the physical phenomena observed during solidification process and its practical expansion especially in the industrial scale production. It allows controllable formation of single-crystalline cylindrical ingots of various inorganic scintillation materials. The review summarizes recent progress on the Czochralski growth of a number of scintillation materials. The oxide crystals are mainly considered including the Ce and Pr-doped RE_3Al_5O_{12}, RE = Y, Lu, aluminum garnets and newly discovered ultraefficient Ce-doped Gd_3(Ga,Al)_5O_{12} multicomponent garnet, high density PbWO_4 and CdWO_4 tungstates, Ce-doped RE_2SiO_5, RE = Y, Gd, Lu, oxyorthosilicates and (Y,Lu)AlO_3 aluminum perovskites and finally the classical Bi_4Ge_3O_{12} scintillator. Additionally, the details of the growth of other practically important non-oxide crystals, namely the Ce and Eu-doped LiCaAlF_6 neutron and ultraefficient Ce-doped LaBr_3 scintillators, are discussed. The potential of novel micro-pulling down growth method is briefly described in the combinatorial search for new scintillator materials. Selected luminescence and scintillation characteristics including the spectra and decay kinetics, light yield and radiation resistance are also illustrated and overviewed.

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2 Acta Physica Polonica A

1 2013

1 1996

2 Nikl M.

1 Chani V.

1 Mares J.

1 Yoshikawa A.

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Energy Transfer, Fluorescence and Scintillation Processes in Cerium-Doped RE^{3+} AlO_{3} Fast Scintillators

Czochralski Growth and Properties of Scintillating Crystals