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Źródła w dorzeczu Widawki

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EN
In this article the authors have presented the zones in which springs occur (fig. l). They have divided the researched springs into morphogenetic types and indicated a dependence of the different types of the spring water outflows upon height-intervals. The analysis shows that the springs with the biggest outflows of water are related to the abundance of underground water horizons (tab. l). The outflows selected from different types were researched in a physico-chemical way (tab. 2). From among the 10 springs examined in a physico-chemicaI way in 1996, six are typical outflows from the Quaternary deposits (points 1-6), two are supplied with water both from the Quaternary deposits and from the Jurassic ones (points 8 and 9) and the last two are typical outflows from the Jurassic limestones (points 7 and 10). The physico-chemical researches of the springs in the Widawka drainage basin have shown that the predominant physico-chemical types are: HCO]-S04-Ca, HCO]-Ca (tab. 2, 4, 5; fig. 3, 4). The spring water quality analysis has proved that in all the cases the standards for potable water and economic purposes established by the Ministry of Health were satisfying (tab. 6). The water quality classification made according to the rules suitable for the environmental
EN
The article shows the application of GIS method for an automatic identification of landforms in the area of junction formed by the Warta, Widawka and Grabia Rivers. The analysis is based on Digital Elevation Model designed in compliance with topographical maps on a scale of 1:10 000 and its DEM-based derivatives. DEM-based maps have been built with use of the ISODATA algorithm in order to classify the morphometric characteristics of terrain. The landforms have been determined on the basis of numeric terrain model derivatives and presented on a morphometric map. In order to verify the results, the identified landforms were juxtaposed with the geomorphological mapping created during the preparation of detailed geological maps. The comparison showed the validity of almost all indicated landforms and their considerable spatial differentiation. The spatial and localisation differences of landforms have been presented in the form of map sets.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono próbę zastosowania metod GIS do automatycznego wyznaczenia form ukształtowania terenu na obszarze węzła dolinnego tworzonego przez Wartę, Widawkę i Grabię. Podstawę analizy stanowi numeryczny model terenu wykonany w oparciu o mapy topograficzne w skali 1:10 000 oraz jego pochodne. Wykonane na podstawie cyfrowego modelu terenu mapy zostały przetworzone przy użyciu algorytmu ISODATA w celu klasyfikacji cech morfometrycznych terenu. W oparciu o pochodne numerycznego modelu terenu zostały wyznaczone formy rzeźby. Wyznaczone formy terenu zostały zaprezentowane na mapie morfometrycznej. W celu weryfikacji wydzielonych form zestawiono je ze szkicami geomorfologicznymi obszaru wykonanym podczas opracowywania szczegółowych map geologicznych. Zestawienie to potwierdziło poprawność większości wydzielonych form oraz ich znaczne zróżnicowanie przestrzenne. Różnice w powierzchniach i lokalizacji form terenu zaprezentowano w formie szeregu map.
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