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1

Review of a state of know-how on the biochemical changes of mineral nitrogen during waste water treatment process

100%
Podedworna J., Zubrowska-Sudol M.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 1
127-141
EN
The paper presents review of a state of know-how on the biochemical changes of mineral nitrogen. New ways of nitrogen elimination from waste water were described: autotrophic nitrification/autotrophic oxygen denitrification, autotrophic nitrification/autotrophic anaerobic denitrification (anaerobic ammonium oxidation), heterotrophic nitrification/heterotrophic oxygen nitrification.
2

Nitrification mechanisms and kinetics in oxygen concentration limited and anoxic conditions

100%
Klimiuk E.
Biotechnologia
|
1999
|
issue 2
178-189
EN
Literature was reviewed on oxidation mechanism of ammonia nitrogen in oxygen concentration limited and anoxic conditions. It was observed that chemolithotrophic bacteria of Nitrosomonas genus oxidising ammonia nitrogen may use ammonium as a donor of electrons and simultaneously oxygen and nitrite as electron acceptors. The products of ammonia nitrogen oxidation, except nitrates, are hydroxylamine, nitrogen oxides and molecular nitrogen. Mechanisms of the process are presented. The process of heterotrophic nitrification is characterised. Factors stimulating the process of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in activated sludge as well as the stoichiometry and reaction kinetics of the process were analysed. Finally, the currently emerging research trends were presented.
3

Influence of temperature of the packing as a factor stimulating nitrogen conversions rate in attached-growth circulating reactor

100%
Zielinski M., Krzemieniewski M.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 1
207-214
EN
Experiments on attached-growth circulating reactor were conducted to determine the impact of variable heat energy of the reactor packing on nitrification rate. There was a possibility of regulation the packing temperature. The research was carried out for biofilm temperatures from 10oC to 35oC at ambient temperature of 10oC. The increase in packing temperature from 10oC to 30oC caused the increase in nitrification rate from 3.57 gN?m-2?d-1 to 10.1 gN?m-2?d-1. The increase in temperature over 30oC caused the decrease in process rate. Appointed values of temperature coefficient ? for nitrification decreased by increasing in heat energy of packing. The supply of heat energy to biofilm directly through the reactor packing permitted to improve the nitrification effectiveness.
4

Changes of the nitrifying biomass concentration in activated sludge under different substrate conditions

100%
Wojnowska?Baryla I., Bernat K., Dabrowska M.
|
EN
The mechanisms of nitrogen compounds transformation were investigated during four research series. The experiments were carried out at dissolved oxygen concentrations of 30% of air saturation depending on the retention time (24 h, 12 h) and substrate conditions in the reactor (SBR). Sodium acetate as carbon source and ammonium chloride as nitrate source were added to municipal waste. The activated sludge loading changed from 0,054 to 0,2 g COD/gd. Changes of nitrifying, autotrophic biomass concentration in activated sludge were observed. Addition of ammonium enhanced the increase in autotrophic biomass concentration from 10,6 to 19,3% of the whole biomass. The lowest nitrifying biomass concentration, 3,4%, was observed when the activated sludge loading was 0,2 g COD/gd under 12 h retention time.
5

Single and two-layer nitrifying beds for bio-technologic method of removing ammonium nitrogen from water

100%
Papciak D., Zamorska J.
|
EN
The effectiveness of removing ammonium nitrogen from water by bio-filtration method with the use of nitrification beds has been assessed. The tests were carried out using four bioreactors with various fillings: diatomite, active carbon (WG--15), diatomite and sand, as well as diatomite and carbon. The paper analyses the effect of the character of external grain structure on the time of bio-film forming and on the durability of bonds of microorganisms with the carrier material, on the basis of changes in physicochemical parameters of the treated water, as well as scanning pictures of bio-film structure. The nitrification process was found to proceed with the highest effectiveness on two-layer (diatomite-and-carbon) and single-layer (diatomite) beds where the bio-film was most stable with consequential lowest turbidity of the treated water. The other finding was that the second phase of the nitrification process began earlier in two-layer filters.
6

The application of rotating beds for biological treatment of agricultural sewages

100%
Zon J., Chmarzynski A., Buszewski B.
Biotechnologia
|
1998
|
issue 1
178-187
EN
A biological method of sewage treatment using nitrification and denitrification processes, is described. Model rotating beds connected in series and continually supported were used. Ex-cept for parameters of total organic load - COD, BOD and TOC, the concentration of different forms of nitrogen as well as oxygen were determined and controlled.
7

Granulation of activated sludge in SBR reactor

100%
Wojnowska-Bary?a I., Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A., Szatkowski M., Gutowski L.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 1
161-170
EN
The effect of bioaugmentation with nitrifying bacteria on activated sludge granulation in column SBR was determined. Two reactors (R1, R2), operating at hydraulic retention time of 0.62 d, wastewater exchange ratio of 80%, and settling time of 5 minutes, were employed for the removal of organic, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from the mixture of synthetic wastewater and wastewater from sludge dewatering (COD/N = 2.4). After 50 days of cultivation, mature granules appeared. In the last stage of the experiment COD, nitrogen and phosphorus load was about 0.3 g CODg TSS-1cycle-1, 0.08 g Ng TSS-1cycle-1, and 0.02 g Pg TSS-1cycle-1. COD and phosphorus removal rates were at the level of 60 and 50%, respectively. Bioaugmentation positively influenced nitrification efficiency in the reactor.
8

Removal of nitrogen compounds in aerobic activated sludge process

88%
Bernat K., Wojnowska-Baryla I., Dobrzynska A.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 1
194-206
EN
In sequencing reactors without separate nitrification and denitrification zones, controlling of oxygen and organic compounds concentration influences activated sludge nitrogen removal from wastewater. Under oxygen limited conditions, autotrophic nitrifying bacteria are able to nitrate or nitrites reduction to nitrous oxide or gaseous nitrogen. However, denitrifying microorganisms can carry out heterotrophic nitrification or aerobic denitrification at high oxygen concentration. Constant amount of oxygen concentration was supplied to the sequencing batch reactor with activated sludge, which indicates that oxygen concentration could change during the reaction time. It was assumed that control oxygen supply on the level of 2 mg/dm3 covers an oxygen demand in organics, ammonium nitrogen oxidation and endogenous respiration. In the initial phase of the reaction, total oxygen exhaustion was observed. After the reaction of oxidation, there was an increase in oxygen concentration to the value of 2 mg/dm3. In the presented experiment, it was shown that permanent complete oxygen using and the accessibility of readily biodegradable organic compounds in wastewater stimulate simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in activated sludge. Nitrogen removal effectiveness under constant aeration depending on COD/N ratio in wastewater supplying to the reactor ranged from 30 to 70%.
9

Investigations into the effect of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) derivative on organic pollutants degradation kinetics and nitrification

88%
Grabinska-Sota E., Wisniowska E., Kalka J., Scieranka B.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 3
208-218
EN
The paper presents the results of investigations into the effect of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) derivative on organic pollutants biodegradation and nitrification. Conventional activated sludge process was used. MCPA derivative concentration was 40 mg(a.i.)?L-1. Control without pesticide addition was run concurrently. Sedimentation properties of sewage sludge were bed during process however COD was degraded to less than 22 mg?L-1- and 65 mg?L-1 for control tank and tank with MCPA derivative addition, respectively. Nitrification rates were 0,0372 ? 0,0139 [mgN/mgd.m.?d] and 0,0358 ? 0,0102 [mg N/mgd.m?d] for the control and investigated system, respectively. Pesticide addition inhibited nitrification and biodegradation process rate only at about 5-10%.
10

Biological treatment of landifill leachate by activated sludge in SBR reactors

88%
Klimiuk E., Kulikowska D.
Biotechnologia
|
1999
|
issue 2
190-202
EN
In the study, the efficiency of landfill leachates treatment by activated sludge in anaerobic-aerobic conditions in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) was examined. The experiments were carried out in four series characterised by different hydraulic retention time in reactors (t = 12, 6, 3 and 2 days), which was obtained by increasing the volumetric change rate in a treatment cycle from 8.3 to 50%. The highest efficiency (82.9%) of organic substances removal, expressed as COD, was noted for the retention time t = 12 days, and the lowest (70.6%) for t = 2 days. The activated sludge yield coefficient was Y = 0.56 g/g COD, and the decay coefficient kd = 0.013/ d. In series 1-3 complete nitrification was observed. Concentration of ammonia nitrogen did not exceed 1 mg NNH4/ dm^3. The efficiency of total nitrogen removal in the following series varied from 83.5 to 74.7%. Nitrates concentration in the leachate increased from 4.1 to 18.7 mg NNO3 / dm^3. In series 4 ammonia nitrogen concentration in the end of the cycle was 46.4 mg NNH4/ dm^3 and the concentration of nitrates 1.4 mg NNO3 / dm^3. The efficiency of total nitrogen removal equalled 54.3%.
11

The role of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in nitrogen compounds reactions in aerobic activated sludge

88%
Wojnowska?Baryla I., Zielinska M., Wojnowska B. a. I.
|
EN
Efficiency of nitrogen removal by activated sludge at the presence of oxygen was investigated in relation to the retention time (24 h and 12 h) and substrate condition in the reactor. The municipal waste with sodium acetate was used as carbon source. In both presented series the ratio CN in the reactor was about 6.6:1. The activated sludge loading was 0.08 g/gd and 0.14 g/gd, solids retention time was 30.6 d and 13.6 d, respectively. Two fold reduction of retention time causes decrease of the nitrogen removal efficiency. At the solids retention time 30.6 d concentration of PHB was high in opposite to the second series. Nitrogen removal at the low activated sludge loading is possible in the presence of storage material as a carbon source for endogenous denitrification.
12

The dynamics of biological reduction of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds in the UCT model system

88%
Czerska B., Miksch K., Surmacz-Gorska J., Debkowska Z.
Biotechnologia
|
1993
|
issue 3
108-115
EN
Investigations on dynamics of and reduction in the system were conducted. After three-week adaptation period, population of activated sludge microorganisms indicated capacity for excessive phosphorus uptake. Source of carbon in synthetic nutrient medium was then sodium acetate (0,5g/l), the concentration of PO4 - 30 mg/l and the NH4 concentration - 60mg/l. At the second stage of the studies the PO3/4 concentration was 15 mg/l in inflow., with increased up to 40 mg/l under anaerobic conditions and decreased to 0,5-1,5 mg/l under aerobic conditions. Togrether wiyth conversions of phosphorus compounds, nitrification processes occurred under aerobioc conditions (12,10-23,15 mg/l) and dentrification in an anoxic reactor (0,1 - 9,5 mg/l). Intensity of the phosphorus and nirogen conversions depended upon biomass loading, degree of recirulation and retention times in the reactors.
13

The utilisation of organic waste

75%
Kasprzak K.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 4
90-104
EN
The article reviews the progress on the investigations of utilisation of organic waste published in ?Biotechnologia? journal. This article outlines the current biotechnological methods and discusses especially the nitrification and denitrification processes on the municipal and industrial sewage in biological and chemical station, the processes of biodegradation of solid waste, the problems of enzymatic transformations of lignocellulose, and the estimation of reproductiveness of earthworms raised on composts of town and agriculture waste and other organic substrates. Furthermore, the problems of cellulose and hemicellulose bioconversion to ethanol, the biological method of sewage treatment using nitrification and denitrification processes, the bioutilisation process of the organic waste in fermenters of different construction, the biodegradation of petrochemical sludge and the enzymatic hydrolysis of waste are the subjects of intensive investigation.
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