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1

Micropropagation of Dendrobium kingianum Bidwill orchid

100%
Prazak R.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 2
144-147
EN
For the development of aseptic culture, Dendrobium kingianum Bidwill orchid pseudobulbs (2.0-3.0 cm long) with one or two terminal leaves were surface sterilized with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution and transferred to initial MS medium, supplemented with auxin IAA at 0.5 mg dm-3 and cytokinin BA at 1.0 mg dm-3. New shoots, which developed after 4-6 weeks of culture at the base of pseudobulbs or at their upper nodes, were transferred to basal MS medium suplemented with an auxin (IAA or NAA) at 0.5 and 1.0 mg dm-3 and cytokinin Kinetin or 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg dm-3 in different combinations. The responses of orchid cultures varied according to concentrations and type of growth regulators. From tested growth regulators, BA in concentration 2.0 mg dm-3 in combination with 0.5 mg dm-3 IAA was the most effective for shoot induction. At 0.5 mg dm3 both IAA and NAA strongly stimulated shoots multiplication in comparison to 1.0 mg dm-3. NAA-BA combinations positively influenced the shoot length. For roots induction, the NAA-Kinetin combinations were better than the remaining ones. Kinetin stimulated the increase of the root length.
2

Biotechnological methods in floriculture research and industry

80%
Orlikowska T., Jerzy M.
Biotechnologia
|
1994
|
issue 3
30-36
EN
Biotechnological methods with could be employed in research and commercial production of ornamental plant are reviewed.
3

Influence of light colour on micropropagation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

80%
Glowacka B.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
168-175
EN
The influence of red, yellow, green, blue and daylight light on micropropagation of tomato was investigated. Differences of plantlets growth after three and four weeks of regeneration were evaluated, too. There was distinct influence of red and yellow light on the shoots and internodes elongation, plantlets were easy-to-cut. Red and yellow light had favourable influence on the roots formation. The blue and daylight light inhibited the shoots and internodes elongation. Extension of the regeneration period had no influence on the growth of plantlets under red and yellow light.
4

In vitro culture of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Bryza) and its greenhouse performance

80%
Rogozinska J., Drozdowska L.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
1996
|
vol. 37
|
issue 4
357-366
EN
Two methods of pepper regeneration regarding the rate of obtaining microcuttings were compared. In the first one, halves of imbibed seeds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without growth regulators (GR). In the second one, seedling explants, cotyledon segments and shoot tips, which were cultured on MS medium with GR, were used. The induction of adventitious buds occurred on the cut surface of the explant and depended upon the type of the explants, the presence and concentration of GR. The microcuttings which were fit for the ex vitro use, developed mainly from adventitious buds formed on the explants derived from the seeds. Adventitious buds on the explants derived from the seedlings developed mainly into leaflike structures while the axillary buds - into shoots. Rooted shoots were grown successfully and potted out in a greenhouse where they grew into normal fruit bearing plants.
5

Micropropagation of rose rootstock Rosa indica 'Major'

80%
Kucharska D., Wisniewska-Grzeszkiewicz H., Orlikowska T.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 3
231-236
EN
Rosa indica 'Major' is a vegetatively propagated rootstock, valuable for greenhouse grown cultivars. In vitro propagation could help the supply of high quality plants for field stock plantations. Results from our experiments show that increase in the number of shoots >1 cm can be obtained through the use of 2,2 g/l Gelrite instead of Plant agar. Reduction of 6-benzylaminopurine concentration to 1,5 mg/l. FeEDDHA chelate did not improve the quality of the cultures. Rooting of shoots could be more effective when riboflavine is added to the auxin medium in a one-step procedure or when microcuttings are subcultured after root induction to auxin free medium.
6

Physiological evaluation of in vitro cultivated plants

80%
Borkowska B.
|
EN
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the morphological and physiological status of strawberry shoots (cv. Senga Sengana) cultivated in vitro and their subsequent (out of glass vessels) ability to form plantlets with developed autothrophic metabolism. Standard medium recommended by Boxus was supplemented with glucose or sucrose 30 g/l. Biomass production and particular shoot formation were more efficient in the presence of glucose. The capacity of the shoots to form the root system and to develop photosynthetic activity was higher for shoots taken from the glucose-medium than the sucrose containing medium.
7

Micropropagation of Salvia officinalis L. by shoot tips

80%
Grzegorczyk I., Wysokinska H.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
212-218
EN
In this study, optimum conditions for the micropropagation of Salvia officinalis by shoot tips were determined. Shoot tips from five-week-old shoots grown in in vitro culture were used as explants. The explants were incubated on MS agar medium supplemented with 0.57 ?mol/l IAA and various concentrations of cytokinins (BAP, zeatin, TDZ or kinetin). The best results were obtained when BAP at the concentration of 2 ?mol/l was used as cytokinin. Under these conditions after 5 weeks more than 90% shoot tips formed axillary buds or shoots and almost 3 shoots per one explant were obtained. An average length of shoots was 2.5 cm. For root induction the most suitable was ? MS agar medium without growth regulators.
8

Modern approaches to the elimination of contaminants in micropropagation

80%
Zenkteler E. Z.
Biotechnologia
|
1998
|
issue 1
149-166
EN
For efficient in vitro multiplication of plants, every step of micropropagation should be taken care at in order to prevent contamination. Indexation of stock plants, explants and cultures for contaminants is based on a series of morphological, physiological and biochemical tests, which can be supplemented with modern methods. To ensure that the material is free from the major pathogens, rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic methods are required. The identification methods used for diagnosis and detection of plant tissue contaminants are based on two main strategies: 1) for identification of new species of contaminants it is recommended to use: - serological tests, nutritional kits, tests incorporating chemotaxonomic markers (based on proteins and fatty acids) - a comparison of phenotypic or genetic profiles including those based on restriction or amplification of fragment length polymorphism of DNA 2) for classification of new species it is recommended to use: - reagents (as antisera, nucleic acids probes, oligonucleotide primers) for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - general methods of comparison of the test strain with a reference strain. Antibiotics or fungistatics should be applied in tissue culture to eliminate identified contaminants. Treatment of index-negative explants with combinations of antibiotics is the most effective method to eliminate contaminents from plant tissue culture. Because of high costs of treatment and their phytotoxicity, antibiotics should only be used against identified contaminants from valuable mother plants.
9

Micropropagation of sweet cherry rootstocks

80%
Dziedzic E., Malodobry M.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
206-211
EN
The sweet cherry rootstocks Gisela 5, Weiroot 10, Damil, Edabriz, Maxma, PHL 84 were propagated and rooted by tissue culture. The micropropagation was carried out on MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 7) with modification. Medium A ? full strength MS with addition of 0,5 mg/l BA and 0,1 mg/l IBA, medium B ?half strength of MS nitro-elements with addition of 2,0 mg/l BA and 0,1 mg/l IBA. Two-steps rooting was carried out on WPM medium (Lloyd and McCown, 8), induction of roots on WPM medium with addition of 2,0 mg/l IBA and 5,0 mg/l IAA, after 9-10 days shoots were transferred onto WPM medium without hormones. The highest multiplication coefficient was obtained for Weiroot 10. Gisela 5 was proved to be the most susceptible to vitrification. The best rooting was calculated for Gisela 5-94,7%, at mean length of root ? 3,2 cm.
10

The importance of precultures for micropropagation of explants containing endophytes

80%
Zenkteler E.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 4
87-99
EN
An endophyte is a microorganism that spends most of its life cycle inter- or intra-cellularily of the host organism without causing its disease. As a result of the high frequency of endophytes in plants, it is virtually impossible to isolate tissue or cell explants free from contaminants. Consequently, preculture (i.e. ??stage 0?) is necessary before disinfecting and stabilisation of in vitro cultures, to eliminate explants that are sources of persistent contamination. Particularly dangerous are latent bacterial contaminants, which initially do not cause any symptoms and are propagated with plant material. Their presence becomes conspicuous after the passage to a sucrose-free medium or after transplantation to the soil. This paper reviews the modern methods of treatment that are recommended or have already been widely used to control viruses, phytoplasmas, bacteria, yeast and other fungi associated with tissues of propagated plants.
11

Micropropagation of Miscanthus x giganteus (Greef i Deu.) from inflorescence explants

80%
Glowacka K., Zenkteler M., Jezowski S.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
251-259
EN
2 mm explants of immature inflorescences (0.5-3) produced calluses on MS medium with o.5 mg x 1 ?1 BAP and 2.5 mg x 1-1 2.4-D. The surface sterilization in 10% sodium hypochloride for 20 min was successful in 74%. After 20 days of incubation, the surfaces of all explants were covered by callus. After 2 months of culture, from most of calluses embryo-like structures developed. The highest frequency of fully regenerated plants was observed on MS medium supplemented with 1-2 mg x l-1 BAP. The regeneration rate of the cultured calluses for the first two weeks in 16 h day fotoperiod was twice as high as the one under a continuous light. Only two out of 6 thousand cultured mature spikelets produced calluses from which 574 plants were obtained after multiplication. Most of the plants obtained from the explants representing immature as mature inflorescences survived the transfer into soil in the greenhouses.
12

Micropropagation of Arnica montana L. and sesquiterpene lactones in regenerated plants

80%
Weremczuk-Jezyna I., Wysokinska H.
Biotechnologia
|
2000
|
issue 4
118-122
EN
Plants of Arnica montana L. were micropropagated from shoot tips. Shoot proliferation was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing auxin (IAA 0.5 M/l) and cytokinin (BAP, Z, TDZ). BAP (0.25 M/l) and Z (0.5 M/l) were most effective for proliferation and elongation of shoots. Under these conditions, about 6 shoots per explant were obtained. Shoot proliferation was also achieved in the presence of TDZ (0.05 M/l). However, when used in higher concentration (0.2-10 M/l), thidiazuron caused shoot vitrification. Rooting of shoots was induced an MS medium without growth regulators. The plantlets were transplanted into pots. Phytochemical analysis showed that 4-week-old plantlets produced sesquiterpene lactone.
13

Advances in regeneration and micropropagation

80%
Bach A.
Biotechnologia
|
1996
|
issue 1
83-93
EN
The review discusses the recent advances in regeneration and micropropagation.The example include:1.new methods for enhancement of regeneration (etiolation of shoots, forced flushing, laser cutting of tissues, squashing and homogenization), 2.progress in preparing of media, 3.effect of electrostimulation or mycorrhizal fungi on plant micropropagation, 4.new system of mass propagation (advances in synthetic seed technology, micropropagation via SIT temporary immersion system), 5.novel application of plant tissue culture.
14

In vitro culture and biotechnology ? fulfilled expectations?

70%
Malepszy S., Burza W.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 2
10-17
EN
The methods for in vitro culture of plant cells, tissues and organs had focused much attention in the beginning of the last century, which resulted in setting up the first commercial laboratories over 60 years ago. These laboratories concentrated their activity on clonal propagation and their economical importance has been permanently growing. However, some of the applications of in vitro methods are still not realistic, whereas introduction of other is not satisfactory. Plant breeding is an example where application of tissue culture techniques is below expectations. There are several reasons for such situation. Two of them are of biological nature (genotypic effect, somaclonal variation), and the third reason results from the development of other molecular methods providing alternative solutions. We suggest that the main limitations in more effective usage of in vitro methods should be minimized by the development of efficient plant stem cells' culture procedures.
15

Micropropagation in in vitro culture efficiency of selected protected species Asteraceae

70%
Trejgell A., Tretyn A.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 3
202-209
EN
The aim of the present research was the assessment of efficiency of micropropagation system for selected species that belong to Asteraceae family, as well as analysis of morphological traits and plantlets ability to flower. The experimental material were shoot tips isolated from 7-day-old seedlings of Leontopodium alpinum, Senecio macrophyllus, Carlina acaulis, and Cirsium pannonicum. The shoot tips were transferred on the medium supplemented with BA (1 mg.dm-3), and NAA (0,1 mg.dm-3). The obtained shoots were transferred onto fresh medium with the same combination of growth regulator (3 subcultures). The shoots with 4 or more leaves were rooted on the half-strength MS medium without growth regulators for 4 weeks. The plantlets were acclimatized to ex vitro conditions and planted to the field. The analysis of flowering ability, leaves and flower morphology, and survival level were the objectives of the study. The plantlets were acclimatized in a greenhouse and planted to the field condition. From 10 seeds of initial material one can obtain 24 278 plants of Leontopodium alpinum, 1507 of Carlina acaulis, 1261 of Senecio macrophyllus, and 37 of Cirsium pannonicum taking into consideration the percentage of seed germination, proliferation rate in three subcultures, frequency of microshoots rooting and survival rate during acclimatization. The regenerated plants demonstrated traits of donor plants and were able to flower and produce viable seeds.
16

Somatic embryogenesis of coniferous plants with Norway spruce as a model for studies

70%
Latkowska M. J.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 4
210-226
EN
Somatic embryogenesis is a relatively new method of vegetative propagation of conifers. Many possibilities of its application include: cloning of trees for reforestration and timber production ? varieties resistant to environmental stresses, pests and diseases, as well as valuable ornamental varieties; conservation of rare and endangered species; provision of cell lines and protoplasts for genetic manipulations; germplasm preservation; synthetic seed production and use in basic research on conifer genetics and development. Conifer somatic embryogenesis was first reported in Picea abies (1,2) and Larix decidua, in 1985 (3). Since then this technology has been applied to more than 30 coniferous species from the genera: Abies, Larix, Picea, Pinus, Pseudotsuga, Sequoia, Taxus (4-7). As the general development pattern is similar for many conifers, the protocol of Norway spruce can be used as a model system of somatic embryogenesis in conifers. This protocol can be divided into six stages: 1) induction of embryogenic structures, 2) proliferation of embryogenic cultures, 3) maturation of somatic embryos, 4) embryo desiccation, 5) in vitro germination and conversion, and 6) transfer of emblings to soil (8).
17

Comparison of micropropagation methods in Polish cultivars of barley and oat

61%
Kruczkowska H., Pawlowska H., Skucinska B.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 2
83-88
EN
Obtaining transgenic plants in cereal cultivars of agronomic value requires an efficient method of micropropagation which does not cause additional variation. Recently suggested protocols consist in inducing regeneration of multiple shoots from apical meristems of seedlings derived in vitro from mature dry seeds. We have compared the efficiency of three protocols: after Zhang et al. (4), Sharma et al. (8) and Ganeshan et al. (10) in several Polish cultivars of barley and oat. I In the examined cultivars, the protocol after Ganeshan et al. (10) proved to be more efficient, less laborious and faster.
18

Participation of jasmonates in differentiation processes in plants

51%
Saniewski M., Urbanek H.
|
2003
|
issue 3
75-86
EN
Jasmonic acid (JA), methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) and their related compounds which are designated as jasmonates, are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and show various important biological activities in the regulation of plant growth and development, resulting in a consideration that they are putative new plant hormones. Endogenous levels of jasmonates, mainly JA, increase rapidly and transiently in plants or their organs under both abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Jasmonates consist of an integral part of the signal transduction chain between stress signal(s) and stress response(s). In this article, we focused on and reviewed the role of jasmonates in control of differentiation processes in tissue cultures, regeneration and micropropagation, somatic embryo formation, tuber initiation and formation. The involvement of jasmonates in tuberization, tuberous root formation and bulb formation was inferred from their ability to induce the processes in vitro, and from changes in the levels of endogenous jasmonates during the growth of the plants which can account for the initiation of tuberization. The tuberization and the expansion of cells induced by jasmonates always involve the reorientation of cortical microtubules. Differential effect of jasmonic acid on cell cycle progression is also presented. It is still an open question about interactions between jasmonates and other hormones (auxin, ethylene, cytokinins, abscisic acid) in the regulation of meristem activities, cell cycle and other physiological processes.
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