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1

Biotechnology in haploids and polyploids

100%
Niemirowicz-Szczytt K.
Biotechnologia
|
1996
|
issue 1
52-59
EN
The progress made by new biotechnologies in haploid and polyploid developments is outlined.There are many applications for biotechnology in haploid production via anther or ovule culture or embryo rescue, clonal propagation, doubling, protoplast fusion, mutant induction and transformation.In several species, transformed germplasm derived from somatic fusion or gene transfer is already being used in fields trials.Meiotic mutants that form unreduced gametes have improved results of crosses between species with different levels of ploidy.Genomic maps based on RFLP technique and doubled haploids as well as physical maps (FISH technique) are under construction.New molecular (RFLP, RAPD) and immunological markers are being used for diagnostic assays.The priorities for biotechnology research in plants are emphasised.
2

The induction of haploids of rye (Secale cereale L.) by the anther culture

100%
Broda Z., Mikolajczyk S.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 1
148-152
EN
Haploid plants are often used for genome mapping, to induce mutations and also for the production of homozygous plants. They are also needed in heterosis breeding. Androgenesis is one of the methods of their obtainment. The study focused on the development of induction haploid plants and double haploid lines of rye. In the experiment, seven varieties of rye were used: Amilo, Dankowskie Nowe, Dankowskie Z?ote, Kier, Motto, Walet, Warko. The seedlings were vernalised at natural conditions or in the refrigerator. Plants were grown in the greenhouse. Spikes with pollen at the uninucleate stage were harvested and stored at 4 C in the dark for 48 hours. The influence of the varieties and the medium used on the androgenesis was tested. Modified N6 and potato medium were used. Anthers were cultivated in the dark for 4 weeks at 28C. Very low incidence of callus-producing plants (0,0-0,3%) and of any regenerated plants was observed.
3

The androgenic response of Capsicum frutescens L. genotypes in in vitro anther culture

100%
Nowaczyk P., Kucharska A., Nowaczyk L.
Biotechnologia
|
2007
|
issue 1
197-202
EN
Two soft-flesh Capsicum frutescens L. lines were used in the study. The androgenesis process was induced according to the procedure described for C. annuum L. In the cultures established in summer, not many anthers forming the callus tissue were observed. Cytometric analysis showed the presence of cells with different content of DNA. Among 1.000 anthers displayed of one line, seven embryos were observed. Four embryos continued the development resulting in obtaining plants. Three of them had the DNA content on 1C level, the fourth one was diploid. The test of an androhaploid induction in autumn cycle, with the genotype of positive response in summer, was not successful.
4

The use of laser light for obtaining barley haploids by Hordeum bulbosum method

88%
Rybinski W., Surma M., Adamski T.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 1
143-147
EN
The effect of helium-neon laser with wavelength of 632 nm on seed setting in a cross of Hordeum vulgare x H. bulbosum was studied. The seeds before sowing as well as immature embryos were irradiated with laser light. Material not irradiated with laser beams constituted the control. It was shown that stimulative dose of laser beams increased the number of seeds/100 pollinated florets in comparison with the control combination. After laser treatment, the seed setting of the line HG156, and cultivars Vada and Apex was higher by 13.0, 7.9 and 3.2%, respectively. The number of obtained haploids/100 cultured embryos irradiated with laser light was also higher in comparison with the control by 1.8, 0.9 and 10.8%, respectively. The obtained results show that treatment with laser beams was more effective at the first step of haploid production (seeds/100 florets) than at the next step (haploids/100 embryos cultured). From the practical point of view, better results can be obtained by irradiation of seeds before sowing than by irradiation of immature embryos. Cultivar Apex with a positive reaction on irradiation of embryos was an exception here.
5

Effect of selected factors on the effectiveness of Capsicum annuum L. anther culture

88%
Nowaczyk P., Kisiala A.
|
EN
The primary aim of the study was to establish the effectiveness of induced androgenesis in in vitro anther culture of two pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) breeding lines ? ATZ1 and PO, and a hybrid between these two lines (ATZ1 ? PO)F1. Anther culture was maintained according to the method developed by Dumas de Vaulx et al. (1981) with some modifications. The experiment revealed that the effectiveness of androgenesis ranged from 4% for the ATZ1 line to 1.5% for the (ATZ1 ? PO)F1 and strongly depended on the developmental stage of flower buds, as well as the conditions for anther culture maintenance. The development of androgenic embryos was successfully induced only in anthers which originated from the flower buds with petals equal or slightly longer than sepals and there was a clear relationship between the length of the period of anther induction on CP medium and the level of kinetin in R1 regeneration medium.
6

A comparison of anther culture and maize pollination for haploid production in wheat

88%
Fedak G., Burvill M., Voldeng H. D.
|
EN
The use of 2,4-D as a post pollination treatment to fertilize florets instead of GA3 provided a two-fold improvement in seed set, culturable embryos and hence green plant production from wheat and maize pollination. The efficiency of the wheat by maize pollination method for haploid production was equal to the anther culture method in F1 hybrid combinations that were responsive to anther culture. However, in recalcitrant combinations obtained from non-responsive genotypes the maize pollination method was far superior.
7

Methods to predict transgressive segregation in barley and other self-pollinated crops

75%
Kuczynska A., Surma M., Adamski T.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2007
|
vol. 48
|
issue 4
321-328
EN
Most of agronomically important characters are biometric traits. An improvement of these traits in cultivated plants by deriving segregants superior to parents, which could be developed as cultivars, is a main goal in breeding of self-pollinated crops. Two problems need to be solved: when will the progeny be better than its parents and how can a genetic potential of a given pair of parental genotypes be predicted? In this paper, transgressive segregation in homozygous barley populations is shortly reviewed. Various approaches to choosing parental forms are shown, and a theoretical method for predicting the frequency of transgressive segregants in a homozygous population is presented. Additionally, relationships between parental diversity estimated with molecular markers and the progeny performance are discussed. Although the prediction of transgressive segregation is still a problem, it seems promising to apply an approach measuring the performance of the parental genotypes and estimating their genetic distance by molecular markers.
8

Haploidization of vegetable crops

51%
Michalik B.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 1
73-80
EN
This review was prepared mainly on the basis of papers published after 1997. It describes the current knowledge on the use of gametic embryogenesis for haploid production in vegetable crops. Data on the results of research on androgenesis and gynogenesis are presented for different species, induction methods and factors affecting the efficiency of the processes.
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