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1

Formation of bacterial biofilms ? the essence of the matter and mechanisms of interactions

100%
Czaczyk K., Wojciechowska K.
|
2003
|
issue 3
180-192
EN
Bacterial colonisation of surfaces and biofilm formation have important consequences in medicine (contamination of catheters, prostheses, and artificial organs) and in food industry (contamination of food product lines). A biofilm can be defined as a matrix enclosed bacteria populations? adherent to each other and/or to surfaces. The process of biofilm formation includes following steps: adhesion of cells, formation of microcolony and, finally, biofilm formation. Bacterial biofilm formation is influenced by a number of factors, such as: extracellular production of polymeric substances (mainly polysaccharides and proteins), hydrophobicity of cell wall, growth phase, environmental factors (pH, temperature, kind of media, ionic strength, polyvalent ions), surface roughness and presence of signalling compounds. Hygienic aspects of biofilm formation and adhesion of bacteria to eukariotic cells were also described in this paper.
2

Mechanisms determining bacterial biofilm resistance to antimicrobial factors

100%
Czaczyk K., Myszka K.
Biotechnologia
|
2007
|
issue 1
40-52
EN
Bacterial biofilm resistance is a very serious problem of modern medicine and industry practice. Microorganisms forming biofilm initiate multilevel resistance mechanisms that protect cells against antibacterial substances. This resistance is higher than antibiotics and disinfectants tolerance of planktonic bacteria. Ineffective of antibacterial compounds action on biofilm depends on biofilm structure, slowing down the antibiotics diffusion speed, environmental factors in which biofilm is formed, the presence of capsule of bacteria and the activity of 'efflux pumps' proteins. The process of signal molecules formation by bacteria and releasing them to the medium is also very relevant aspect. In this paper, the changes in the molecular level that induces bacterial biofilm resistance against antimicrobial agents are also described.
3

Single and two-layer nitrifying beds for bio-technologic method of removing ammonium nitrogen from water

100%
Papciak D., Zamorska J.
|
EN
The effectiveness of removing ammonium nitrogen from water by bio-filtration method with the use of nitrification beds has been assessed. The tests were carried out using four bioreactors with various fillings: diatomite, active carbon (WG--15), diatomite and sand, as well as diatomite and carbon. The paper analyses the effect of the character of external grain structure on the time of bio-film forming and on the durability of bonds of microorganisms with the carrier material, on the basis of changes in physicochemical parameters of the treated water, as well as scanning pictures of bio-film structure. The nitrification process was found to proceed with the highest effectiveness on two-layer (diatomite-and-carbon) and single-layer (diatomite) beds where the bio-film was most stable with consequential lowest turbidity of the treated water. The other finding was that the second phase of the nitrification process began earlier in two-layer filters.
4

Importance of eps genes from Bacillus subtilis in biofilm formation and swarming

88%
Nagorska K., Ostrowski A., Hinc K., Holland I. B., Obuchowski M.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2010
|
vol. 51
|
issue 3
369-381
EN
Unicellular organisms naturally form multicellular communities, differentiate into specialized cells, and synchronize their behaviour under certain conditions. Swarming, defined as a movement of a large mass of bacteria on solid surfaces, is recognized as a preliminary step in the formation of biofilms. The main aim of this work was to study the role of a group of genes involved in exopolysaccharide biosynthesis during pellicle formation and swarming in Bacillus subtilis strain 168. To assess the role of particular proteins encoded by the group of epsI-epsO genes that form the eps operon, we constructed a series of insertional mutants. The results obtained showed that mutations in epsJ-epsN, but not in the last gene of the eps operon (epsO), have a severe effect on pellicle formation under all tested conditions. Moreover, the inactivation of 5 out of the 6 genes analysed caused total inhibition of swarming in strain 168 (that does not produce surfactin) on LB medium. Following restoration of the sfp gene (required for production of surfactin, which is essential for swarming of the wild-type bacteria), the sfp+ strains defective in eps genes (except epsO) generated significantly different patterns during swarming on synthetic B medium, as compared to the parental strain 168 sfp+.
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