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1

Biodegradation and occurrence of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic Sediments

100%
Klimaszewska K.
Biotechnologia
|
1998
|
issue 1
140-148
EN
This review outlines microbial degradation conditions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic sediments. Microorganisms able to decompose these compounds are discussed. Concentrations of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in various sediments are presented. Bacteria and fungi decompose PAH's in different ways. Eucariota use monooxygenase, cytochrom P-450 and epoxide hydrolase to produce trans-dihydrodiols. Biodegradation of PAH's by procariota is due to dioxygenase activity. Bacteria transform these compounds to cis-dihydrodiols and then to more polar compounds with fewer aromatic rings in the molecule.
2

Characterization of selected bacterial strains degrading hydrocarbons of petroleum oil

100%
Galas E., Kwapisz E., Tarabasz-Szymanska A., Krystynowicz A., Antczak T., Orynska
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 1
145-157
EN
The results of special tests which had been carried out with the following bacterail strains Bacillus sp. S2, Bacillus sp. BP, Pseudomonas sp. 141 and Micrococcus sp. R5.4 show that these strains are acive degraders of petroleum oil hydrocarbons, tolerate high concentrations of the subsrtate and have a high capability for degradation of hydrocarbons.The activity of dehydrogenases was related to the concentration of the substrate.The gas chromatography analysis of residual hydrocarbons in the medium after 9 days of cultivation proved that the main identified petroleum oil components had been metabolized with the yield 69 to 100%. Apart from the compounds originally present in crude oil no new by-products were detected in final medium.The accumulation of shorter chain length hydrocarbons and various new by-products occured in the case of another tested bacterial strain, designated 'B'.
3

Molecular basis for the degradation of aromatic xenobiotic compounds

100%
Gren I., Guzik U., Wojcieszynska D., Labuzek S.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 2
58-67
EN
Aromatic compounds in the environment can be of natural or anthropological origins. Xenobiotic arenes are found to be weakly degraded because of the presence of stable aromatic ring (due to the delocalization of their p orbitals) and different constituents which can impede biodegradation rate. That's why the cleavage of aromatic ring by dioxygenases of bacterial origin is the critical step in removing of theses xenobiotics from environment. Also, monooxygenases play important role in biotransformation of the initial structure to one of the central intermediates: catechol, hydroquinone, protocatechuate or gentisate. In biodegradation of haloaromatics, dehalogenases are the essential enzymes in removing these xenobiotics.
4

Biological treatment of coloured textile wastewater

80%
Solecka M., Ledakowicz S.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 2
103-124
EN
The survey of biological methods for treatment of coloured textile wastewater is presented in the paper. Advantages and disadvantages of aerobic, anaerobic and anaerobic-aerobic processes of textile wastewater biodegradation are discussed. Special attention is given to the problems of removal of synthetic dyes from wastewater in conventional biological treatment systems. Alternative methods of decolourisation of textile wastewater based on natural ability of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, algae) present in the environment are discussed.
5

Microbiological degradation of organophosphorous compounds containing C-P bond

80%
Klimek-Ochab M., Obojska A., Lejczak B.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 1
68-84
EN
Phosphonates constitute a class of biogenic and xenobiotic compounds characterized by the presence of a direct carbon-to-phosphorus linkage. The C-P bond is extremely stable and resistant to degradation. Phosphonates are of widespread use these days and much interest has been paid over the past years to their environmental fate and possible eco-toxicity. This review is devoted to the processes of microbial degradation of phosphonates, covering various aspects of metabolic pathways and regulation.
6

Biological utilisation of fatty waste - initial laboratory examination

80%
Latala A., Wierzba S., Latala B.
Biotechnologia
|
2000
|
issue 1
124-134
EN
This article presents the process of biodegradation of aliphatic substances in oily bleaching soil. For the experiment, oily bleaching soil from the NZPT (a fat-processing plant) from the town of Brzeg was used. Its characteristic features were a high aliphatic substance content and low (3.8-4.5) pH. By means of experiment three composites of bacteria and yeast were prepared with the use of field and library strains. In a 44-day process, the mixture of field and library strains caused the aliphatic substance content in the oily bleaching soil to drop by 69-71%. The application of bacterial and yeast strains proved efficient for the aliphatic low-pH waste.
7

Synthetic modified polyethylene polymers and their biodegradation

80%
Labuzek S., Nowak B., Pajak J.
|
2003
|
issue 4
110-123
EN
In this paper, clasification of commercial polymer depending on their ability to biodegradation and factors which influence biodegradation processes are described. The examples of modification of polyethylene with natural and synthetic polymers are presented. On the basis of polyethylene films modified with starch and synthetic polyester, the methods of biodegradation processes are shown.
8

The influence of immobilization on the overall rate of substrate biodegradation by bacterial cells

80%
Wojnowska-Baryla I.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 3
88-99
EN
The paper includes the results of mass transfer influence on the overall rate of substrate biodegradation by bacterial cells immobilized in alginate gel. The overall rate of substrate biodegradation by immobilized bacteria is the function of the following parameters: ref = f (rmax, kl2, Deff). The results indicate that overall ratio of substrate biodegradation by immobilized bacteria is limited by external and internal transport. The effectiveness of the substrate biodegradation depends on the value of overall effectiveness factor. When limiting the overall rate of substrate biodegradation by the diffusion in a phase liquid-beads surface, the effectiveness factor is the function of Damkohler number. In the case of the internal diffusion limiting the overall rate of substrate biodegradation by immobilized bacteria the effectiveness factor depends on the Thiel number.
9

Attempt of biological purification of coke plant wastes piles using biological preparations - laboratory scale

80%
Labuzek S., Skladzien J.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 1
92-107
EN
Coke plant wastes piles were tested.The testing revealed high concentration of aromatic compounds, mainly naphtalene and phenol as well as some derivatives of benzene and pyridine (94% of wastes).The remaining 6% were inorganic nitrogen compounds, chlorides, sulfates, cyanides and thiocyanates.
10

Thermophilic aerobic biodegradation of food industry wastewater

80%
Lasik M., Nowak J.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 3
98-112
EN
Food industry wastewater is usually characterized by a high biological load as well as elevated temperature. A new and promising technology for rapid and effective biodegradation of such hot and high loaded wastewater is thermophilic aerobic biodegradation process. It is characterized by higher, in comparison with mesophilic processes, substrate degradation, rapid inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms and low production of activated sludge. High biodegradation rate shortens the time of the process and reduces the required volume of bioreactors. Disadvantages of the aerobic thermophilic process are associated with costs of aeration of bioreactors, low capabilities of thermophilic microflora for flocculation, and problems with foaming during fermentation.
11

Studies on enzyme activity in the petroleum contaminated soil, detoxification in a soil

80%
Malachowska-Jutsz A., Mrozowska J., Kozielska M., Miksch K.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 1
79-91
EN
In this paper the influence of selected oils which are aromatic hydrocarbons on microbial activity of a soil is discussed.Selected enzymes: amylases, proteases, dehydrogenases ans celulase Cx were tested.
12

Biodegradation of polyethylene film in the presence of fungi and in soil

80%
Pajak J., Nowak B., Labuzek S.
|
2003
|
issue 4
214-227
EN
The aim of the investigation was the biodegradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film modified with Bionolle?. The samples in the form of composite films were prepared by homogenization and extrusion. The biodegradation process was performed in the laboratory scale or under environmental conditions. The examined films were placed into different media and incubated in the presence of fungi Aspergillus niger, Penicillium funiculosum and mixed fungi inoculum. Any changes in the various properties of the films after biodegradation were monitored by weight loss, optical and scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. The results of the study have proved that fungal growth on the polymer samples containing low amount of polyester depends on the presence of nutrients in media. Sucrose inhibited polymer disintegration more strongly than nutrient broth. FTIR analysis revealed that filamentous fungi biodegraded not only polyester, but also polyethylene. On the contrary, LDPE incubated in soil did not exhibit any chemical changes. This highly hydrophobic polymer was more susceptible to biodegradation only in the presence of Bionolle?.
13

Dioxygenases ? the key enzymes in the biodegradation of aromatic compounds

80%
Guzik U., Gren I., Wojcieszynska D., Labuzek S.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 3
71-88
EN
Progressing degradation of the natural environment has caused an increased interest in the field of biological treatment of both water and soil polluted with different xenobiotics. Aromatic compounds are considered to be one of the most toxic and weakly degraded xenobiotics. The potential solution of the accelerated environment's pollution problem seems to be the bioremediation - the process using the biological organisms to return the environment altered by contaminants to its original condition. Dioxygenases isolated from the microorganisms can be responsible for hydroxylation of the aromatic ring or for its cleavage. Different types of the cleaving dioxygenases have been distinguished due to the kind of the substrate they preferentially can degrade. Cleavage of the aromatic ring facilitates further degradation of xenobiotics, and therefore the dioxygenases are the key enzymes in the biodegradation process of these xenobiotics.
14

Microbial degradation of pentachlorophenol

80%
Szewczyk R., Dlugonski J.
|
EN
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a toxic xenobiotic of great environmental concern. It has been widely used for many years as a bactericide, fungicide, defoliant, herbicide and wood preservative. In this article, PCP properties, microbial biodegradation and other approaches of this xenobiotic elimination from contaminated areas are reviewed.
15

Characterization of Candida methanosorbosa BP-6 strain capable of aniline degradation

80%
Mucha K., Kwapisz E., Kucharska U., Trzmiel T.
Biotechnologia
|
2007
|
issue 2
161-173
EN
The ability of some bacteria and filamentous fungi to degrade aniline and its derivatives has been reported in literature. This report is the first one concerning assimilation of aniline by Candida methanosorbosa BP-6 strain was isolated from wastewater dye factory by enrichement technique. Activity of this strain to degradation of aniline was compared with four bacterial strains: BD1, BZB1, BR 1, and PKN 7, isolated from the same environment and bacteria Bacillus subtilis IBT C-3 derived from the collection of Institute of Technical Biochemistry P?. Among the six tested strains capable to assimilate aniline, the most succesfull was Candida methanosorbosa BP-6 which quickly grows in the presence of high concentration of aniline (1-4%) and can degrade this substrate in the yield of 54-63%.
16

Enzymes involved in polymer biodegradation

80%
Nowak B., Pajak J., Plociniczak T., Labuzek S.
Biotechnologia
|
2008
|
issue 1
45-52
EN
Most widely used plastics are considered to be resistant to environmental factors. Degradation of most popular packaging polymer is slow and may take hundreds of years. To enhance their environmental degradation a number of different approaches, among them copolymerisation or compounding with additives susceptible to environmental factors such as polyesters are used. Enzymes involved in decomposition of polyesters are mainly hydrolases f.ex. esterases, lipases, cutinases. Research team in the Department of Biochemistry is working on polyethylene and poly(ethylene terephtalate) films modified with synthetic aliphatic polyester Bionolle? and mechanisms of their biodegradation using fungal extracellular hydrolytic enzymes.
17

Biopreparations in sewage treatment

80%
Sadecka Z., Hrynkiewicz Z.
Biotechnologia
|
1995
|
issue 2
113-122
EN
The efficiency of two biopreparations: Enzymix (enzymatic preparation)and Bioenzykler (microbiological and enzymatic preparation) in the biodegradaton of two types of domestic sewage was examined.The process oforganic impurities decay in sewage was observed after 3, 5 and 7 days of incubation.
18

Chemical warfare agents dumped in the Baltic sea

80%
Korzeniewski K.
Oceanological Studies
|
1999
|
vol. 28
|
issue 1-2
83
EN
The article reviews of the state of investigations concerning the threat of chemical warfare agents (CWA) dumped in the Baltic Sea to the health of people making use of the sea. The paper presents the types and quantities of chemical munitions dumped in the Polish sector of the Baltic Sea, the location of dumping sites and localities where accidental injuries to people have taken place. The results of the HELCOM ad hoc Working Group on Dumped War Gas and Ammunition in the Polish Economic Zone are also reviewed. The approximate condition of the dumped CWA and their status on the sea floor are discussed. The Polish studies on the deactivation of CWA are summarised.
19

Biodegradation of oil-derived compounds by filamentous fungi

80%
Lisowska K., Dlugonski J.
|
2003
|
issue 4
92-100
EN
The development of industry, especially oil and chemical branches, resulted in the contamination of the natural environment by oil-derived compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These compounds are highly toxic to the living organisms, most of them expressing carcinogenic properties. Microbiological degradation is one of the main methods of removing PAHs from the environment. Biodegradation reduces the costs of recultivation by considerable acceleration of the degradation of those compounds in the soil. Microscopic fungi play an important role in the process of PAHs detoxification and degradation. Our studies have shown that a number of strains involved in the steroids transformation are also capable of PAHs degradation. Due to the fact that both processes involve the participation of cytochrome P-450, these strains are convenient research models for explaining the dependence between steroid hydroxylases and enzymes responsible for PAHs degradation. The currently performed research is aimed at developing the possibilities of employing microorganisms used for the production of steroid drugs in the protection of the environment.
20

Pathways of aerobic petroleum oil hydrocarbons biodegradation

80%
Kwapisz E.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 2
166-188
EN
The paper reviews the aspects of physiology and biochemistry of microbial biodegradation of the main components of petroleum oil: alkanes (larger than methane), alkenes, alkines, cyclic, polycyclic, aromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. It focuses on aerobic degradation pathways. The review provides key information prepared on the basis of more than 30 years of research on microbial degradation of hydrocarbons. The areas discussed include new pathways of biodegradation of branched-chain alkanes, cyclic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons which have been discovered during the past few years. Special attention was paid to oxygenases ? enzymes initiating aerobic metabolism of hydrocarbons and phenomenon of co-oxidation which enables assimilation of most recalcitrant components of crude oil.
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