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Analiza porównawcza składu fizykochemicznego wód opadowych, porowych i gruntowych

100%

Burchard J., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. G. F. i. K. Ś.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica

1997

vol. 1

Physicochemical composition of rain, cavity and ground water is presented in this paper. Cavity water (solutions) was extracted with the use of the pressure method from clayey-sandyand sandy deposits taken from the Łódż region (Rypułtowice) and the Bełchatów region (Kałduny) - Fig. 1. The highest total mineralization was characteristic of cavity water. The lowest mineralization was typical of rain water. Averager proportions of mineralization of rain, ground and cavity water account for l : 20 : 35 (Rypułtowice) and l : 13 : 20 (Kałduny). Maximal total mineralization of cavity water reached 1059 mg . dm-J (till) and 1244 mg . dm-J (sandy soil), whereas mineralization of rain water was about 36-38 -mg· dm-J. The reaction of rain water was acidic and its pH was found to be 3,9--4,1. The top ground layer which contains some carbonates acts as a buffer that changes the reaction of infIltrating rain water to neutral or slightly alcaline. Cavity water pH was between 6,4-8,4 and ground water pH was 7,1-7,8.Rain water was triionic of the HCO) - SO. - Ca type and ground water was tri- and tetraionic of the HCO) - SO. - Ca (Rypułtowice) and the HCO) - SO. - Ca - K type (Kałduny), respectively. The most complex composition was characteristic of cavity water (tetra- and pentaionic water) which represented two hydrochemical types: Cl - SO. - Ca - Mg (Rypułtowice) and HCO) - SO. - Cl - Ca - Mg (Kałduny). HC01-, SOl-, Ca2+ predominated in all types of water, whereas other ions, such as CI-, K + and Mg 2+ modyfied considerably the water composition and hydrochemical type (Tabs 3-5). Unnaturally large amounts of SO.2-, CI- and K+ in the ground water were assumed to be associated with antropogenic pollution, mainly from areał and point sources (e.g. from cesspit leakage in Kałduny). It is interesting to observe the distribution of nitrates in cavity water. In Rypułtowice a one meter thick till layer causes the decrease in a very high NO)- concentration of 595 mg . dm-l below the top of the impermeable till (Fig. 2). The till layer acts as a barrier which hinders migration of the pollution from the ground surface. The concentration of nitrates in the sandy soil in Kałduny was different, and varied with a depth, with the tendency decrease, in a way that gave an image of a wave of NO)- moving downwards (Fig. 3). Due to the lack of an isolating layer, the pollution was able to migrate freely to ground water.

Źródła w dorzeczu Widawki

63%

Burchard J., Maksymiuk Z.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica

1997

vol. 2

In this article the authors have presented the zones in which springs occur (fig. l). They have divided the researched springs into morphogenetic types and indicated a dependence of the different types of the spring water outflows upon height-intervals. The analysis shows that the springs with the biggest outflows of water are related to the abundance of underground water horizons (tab. l). The outflows selected from different types were researched in a physico-chemical way (tab. 2). From among the 10 springs examined in a physico-chemicaI way in 1996, six are typical outflows from the Quaternary deposits (points 1-6), two are supplied with water both from the Quaternary deposits and from the Jurassic ones (points 8 and 9) and the last two are typical outflows from the Jurassic limestones (points 7 and 10). The physico-chemical researches of the springs in the Widawka drainage basin have shown that the predominant physico-chemical types are: HCO]-S04-Ca, HCO]-Ca (tab. 2, 4, 5; fig. 3, 4). The spring water quality analysis has proved that in all the cases the standards for potable water and economic purposes established by the Ministry of Health were satisfying (tab. 6). The water quality classification made according to the rules suitable for the environmental

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2 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica

2 1997

2 Burchard J.

1 Maksymiuk Z.

1 Uniwersytet Łódzki I. G. F. i. K. Ś.

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Analiza porównawcza składu fizykochemicznego wód opadowych, porowych i gruntowych

Źródła w dorzeczu Widawki