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Źródła północno-zachodniej części Masywu Śnieżnika

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Maksymiuk Z., Tomaszewski E., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. N. G.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica

1997

vol. 2

The evaluation of the spring regime lets us characterize some hydrogeological features of the researched area and determine the influence of the so called point drainage on a layout and quantity of water which supplies the river network. It refers especially to the mountaineous areas. A good example is the metamorphic Śnieżnik Massif, where due to the lack of representative hydrogeological bore-holes a number of springs are the only sign of the underground water circulation. The hydrographical mapping of the researched area was carried out in July 1994. This period was characterized by an evident shortage of precipitations and by high temperatures of air. They researched the Wilczka drainage basin down to the Wilkanów profile and all the upper parts of the Nowinka, Domaszkowski Potok, Szklarka and Czarna Woda drainage basins (fig. 1). There were observed 212 natural underground water outflows there, of which 162 were real springs, 38 sapping springs and 12 bog-springs. The analysis of the observed spatial diversity of the underground water outflows was carried out basing on the elementary measures referred to the areas of the autochthonous and defTerenliated drainage basins. Those basic measures are: springability coefficient, spring water runofT modulus and the participation of the spring water in the combined runoff (fig. 2, 3, 4, 5). They noticed evident connections with relief, geology Le. characteristics of the underground water basins, drained by springs. The vertical diversity of the researched springs was examined either in the zonal height-intervals or actual altitude (precise fixing of an altitude) (fig. 6, 7, 8, 9). The quantity of the outflows and their features (temperature, yield) were estimated on the statistical characteristics of the studied series. There were not observed any very evident connections of the analyzed characteristics with an altitude. The authors observed a tendency to constitute height-intervals in which the character and the regime of the springs are similar. The causes for such a state should be searched in orographic and geological features, which are combined with the occurence of definite groups of outflows on the proper altitude.

Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań dotyczące rozmieszczenia i właściwości źródeł w północno- -zachodniej części Masywu Śnieżnika. Ocenie poddano przestrzenne uporządkowanie badanych wypływów, prezentując wyniki obliczonych parametrów metodą dazymetryczną. Wskazano również na pionową (strefową) zmienność liczby i cech analizowanych źródeł.

Charakterystyka sieci rzecznej małej zlewni położonej w strefie krawędziowej Wyżyny Łódzkiej

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Bartnik A., Tomaszewski E., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. B. i. N. o. Z.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica

2000

vol. 5

The hydrographical network is a phenomenon under constant time and space changes. These ch_anges have seasonal and multi-annual character. The dynamics of this phenomenon needs estimation not only of the network itself but also of the water moving in it. This problem becomes particularly important in the case of the areas located near urban grounds which are under intense anthropopression. It is possible then to conclude of progressive influence of human activities after recognizing of the natural factors forming hydrographical network. The Dzierżązna drainage basin was explored up to the Swoboda closing profile (42,9 km2). It is located in the northern Łódź Upland part and is drained by the Moszczenica river system (fig. l). The southern boundary of the basin is determined by the urban Zgierz suburbs. Exactly this place in Malinka, there are springs of Dzierżązna river. Hydrographical network explorations were carried out basing on the topographic map in the scale 1:25 000. Thus the obtained data were updated and verified in the field in July 1998. Analysis of the river network parameters was carried out in the capacity of a drainage density (Wilgat's and Neumann's method) and a degree of an orderly arrangement (verification of the Horton's theory after the Strahler's classification) - fig. 2, 4, tab. l, 2. The authors also made detailed estimation of each stream: a river long fall, sinuosity and development (fig. 3, tab. l). Estimation also concerns time in which water running the channels reaches the closing profile and concerns the discharge rate as well. Their space layout is represented on the maps - fig. 5, 6. In the final stage of the study the authors tried to evaluate the running water resources basing on the resources momentum measure. Thanks to using the mentioned above procedure it was possible to take account the dynamics of the resource processes, because physical unit of the presented measure is (m^4 x S^-l) They also estimated degree of concentration of the resources in the river system (fig. 7, 8).

Artykuł zawiera charakterystykę sieci hydrograficznej zlewni Dzierżąznej - po wodowskaz w Swobodzie. Ocenie poddano parametry sieci, czas dobiegu wody korytami do profilu zamykającego, jak również wielkości przepływów. Określono także zasoby wód płynących i ich koncentrację na podstawie miary pędu zasobów.

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2 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica

1 2000

1 1997

2 Tomaszewski E.

1 Bartnik A.

1 Maksymiuk Z.

1 Uniwersytet Łódzki W. B. i. N. o. Z.

1 Uniwersytet Łódzki W. N. G.

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Źródła północno-zachodniej części Masywu Śnieżnika

Charakterystyka sieci rzecznej małej zlewni położonej w strefie krawędziowej Wyżyny Łódzkiej