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EN
Hydroxyapatite (HA) constitutes the mineral component of the hard tissues such as bone and teeth. HA is a bioactive ceramic material and can form biochemical bonds with tissues. It is possible to produce HA powders either from natural sources or by using synthetic chemicals. Wet chemical precipitation technique is an ideal method to practically and economically synthesize HA powders. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) and ortho-phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) solutions were used as the calcium and phosphorus sources to obtain the HA powders. Acid-alkaline reactions between starting materials were carried out at three different reaction temperatures (room temperature, 50-60°C range and 70-80°C range) which may affect the microstructure of the produced powders. The procedure of HA powders preparation from natural sources consists of several steps: in the order of deproteinization of bovine bones in NaOH, washing the deproteinized bovine bones, calcination of the washed bones, and grinding the calcined bones, respectively. In this study, HA powders derived from bovine bones and HA powders obtained through the wet chemical precipitation method were compared in terms of their chemical, microstructural and molecular bonding properties by applying various characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy, and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
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Content available remote

Granite Based Glass-Ceramic Materials

100%
EN
In this study, production possibility of glass and glass-ceramic produced from granite was investigated. The composition of granite based glass bath mixture was 50 wt% granite, 25 wt% dolomite and 25 wt% sodium carbonate. Composition that was grounded and mixed in a ball mill for 2 h was melted at 1500C for 1 h. Glass samples were heat treated for crystallization to produce glass-ceramic materials at 800°C, 900C and 1000C for 2 h to promote internal crystallization. Phase identifications of glass and glass-ceramic materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, hardness and fracture toughness measurement of glass and glass-ceramic materials were applied. Granite based materials after that melting and casting process was found amorphous state by characterization with X-ray diffraction analysis. After the heat treatment processes, crystal phases settled out in glass matrix were also determined in granite based materials. Moreover, values of hardness and fracture toughness increasing were detected by heat treatment schedule.
EN
Mica glass-ceramic was prepared by sintering method from in the SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO-K_2O-B_2O_3-F_2 system. The sintering behavior and machinability of a glass-ceramic composition were examined. The starting materials were mixed and milled in an alumina ball mill for 2 h. Then the powders were sieved to obtain grain sizes smaller than 75 μm. For the shaping process, disc samples were prepared by pressing at 100 MPa. The pressed discs were sintered at temperatures in the range from 900 to 1200C for 2 h in an electric furnace using a heating rate of 5°C/min. X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and machinability tests for characterization were performed on sintered samples. The results showed that all samples exhibited similar phases formation and good machinability.
EN
In this study, effect of glycidylisobutyl oligomeric silsesquioxane (G-POSS) and 1.1'-carbonyl-bis-caprolactam (CBC) (1 wt.%) on the friction and wear performance of polyamide 6 (PA6) and short glass fiber (SGF) (10 and 20 wt.%) reinforced PA6 composites were investigated. Adhesive wear tests were carried out by using a tribometer in block-on-ring configuration (ASTM G77), in sliding conditions, without lubricants and in air. Tests were carried out at sliding speed of 1.6 m/s (511 rpm) and applied load values of 25, 50 and 75 N. Wear rate was calculated using weight loss per unit sliding distance. The results showed that, the friction force increases with the increasing load. It was found that the wear resistance of PA6 improved considerably after doping with CBC.
EN
Glass-ceramics were produced by sintering method from industrial waste materials such as fly ash, blast furnace slag and boron waste. The sintering behavior and machinability of glass-ceramic compositions were investigated. Additives were added to waste materials for enhancement of machinability and sintering properties. All starting materials were mixed by ball milling for 2 h using alumina media. The mixed and milled powders were sieved to grain sizes smaller than 75 μm and pressed at 100 MPa. The pressed samples were sintered at 900°C, 1000°C and 1100°C for 1 h in an electric furnace using a heating rate of 5°C/min. Some characterization tests such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and machinability tests were performed on sintered samples. The results indicated that all samples exhibit good sintering and machinability properties.
EN
In this study, the effects of perlite addition on mechanical properties and wear resistance of alumina ceramics were investigated. Alumina powders including perlite 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and perlite free were prepared. These powders were shaped as rectangular by using uniaxial pressing system under the load of 100 MPa. The samples were sintered at 1400°C-1550C for 2 h and were subjected to some mechanical tests such as hardness and fracture toughness. X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the crystalline phases. Bulk densities of the samples were measured. In addition, erosive wear test was performed to investigate the erosive wear resistance of the samples. The wear test results were presented depending on different sliding speed and sintering temperature. These results showed that perlite addition has a positive effect on erosive wear resistance of the alumina ceramics, generally.
8
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Bond Strength of Basalt Based Glass-Ceramic Coatings

81%
EN
In the present study, powders produced from the volcanic basalt rocks were coated on pre-coated AISI 1040 steel with Ni-5% Al bond coat by atmospheric plasma spray coating technique. The coated specimens were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, metallography and X-ray diffraction. Bonding strength of coatings was evaluated in accordance with the ASTM C-633 method. Coated basalt material from the APS coating system was determined in the glassy amorphous state by X-ray diffraction analysis. The coated samples were heat-treated at 800C for 1-4 h for crystallization. The phases formed in the basalt base glass-ceramic coatings were augite, Fe-diopside, anorthite, and andesine which were detected by X-ray diffraction analysis. Basalt based glass-ceramic coatings include splat, porosity and un-melted particles which were the characteristic of plasma sprayed coatings. Experiment result showed that the crystallization time increase caused the decrease of the bond strengths of the coatings.
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81%
EN
In the current study, the effect of boron waste addition on some properties of fly ash based glass and glass-ceramics were investigated. The powder compositions including 10, 30, and 50 wt% boron waste was prepared. All the investigated compositions were melted at 1500C by using electrical furnaces. Melting structures were cast into the graphite mold. Thus, fly ash-boron waste based glass materials were produced. To transform the glass-ceramic, crystallization process was performed. Crystallization and glass-transition temperatures were determined by differential thermal analysis. Highly dense and crystalline materials, predominantly composed of diopside and augite together with tincalconite and residual glassy phase, were detected by X-ray diffraction analysis after heat treatment at 800, 900, and 1000C for 1 h. For the glass and glass-ceramic samples, mechanical tests such as hardness and fracture toughness were realized. A boron waste addition has a positive effect on the hardness of the specimens unlike the fracture toughness results. Furthermore, produced glass-ceramic materials were characterized via scanning electron microscopy.
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