Farmakoterapia krwawienia pochodzenia nieżylakowego z górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego

• Authors: Krzysztof Kurek , Andrzej Dąbrowski

Title variants

EN

Pharmacological therapy of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

PL

Krwawienie z górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego jest powszechnym stanem nagłym w gastroenterologii, wymagającym szybkiego wdrożenia właściwego postępowania. Do najczęstszych przyczyn omawianej grupy krwawień zalicza się chorobę wrzodową, nadżerkowe zapalenie błony śluzowej żołądka i przełyku oraz żylaki żołądka i przełyku. U wszystkich chorych z objawami krwawienia z górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego zalecane jest wykonanie diagnostycznej i/lub terapeutycznej gastroskopii w ciągu 24 godzin od przyjęcia do szpitala. Początkowe leczenie farmakologiczne obejmuje resuscytację płynową, stabilizację hemodynamiczną chorego oraz podanie inhibitora pompy protonowej (proton pump inhibitors, PPI) (80 mg w bolusie) przed wykonaniem gastroskopii, co zmniejsza aktywność znamion krwawienia. Chorzy przyjmujący doustne antykoagulanty przed wykonaniem endoskopii wymagają ponadto wyrównania parametrów krzepnięcia. Stosowanie dużych dawek PPI (8 mg/godz. przez co najmniej 72 godziny) po uzyskaniu endoskopowej hemostazy warunkuje utrzymanie pH w żołądku powyżej 6, co umożliwia stabilizację skrzepu. H. pylori jest udokumentowanym czynnikiem ryzyka rozwoju wrzodów trawiennych, dlatego zaleca się przeprowadzenie terapii eradykacyjnej już w momencie wznowienia żywienia doustnego. Powyższe postępowanie obniża częstość nawrotu krwawienia nieżylakowego z górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego. Pomimo tego krwawienie z górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego ciągle obarczone jest znacznym ryzykiem powikłań i zgonu chorego. Celem niniejszej pracy był przegląd obecnie dostępnych zaleceń i wytycznych postępowania w krwawieniu z górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego pochodzenia nieżylakowego.

EN

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common gastroenterological emergency requiring proper management and urgent treatment. The vast majority of these haemorrhages are due to peptic ulcers, erosive gastritis and esophagitis as well as oesophageal and gastric varices. Diagnostic and/or therapeutic endoscopy is recommended within 24 h of presentation in all patients with symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Initial pharmacological treatment includes volume resuscitation, hemodynamic stabilization and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (bolus 80 mg) administration prior to endoscopy to downstage the bleeding lesion. In patients on anticoagulants correction of coagulopathy is recommended prior to endoscopy. High-doses of PPI (8 mg/h for at least 3 days) administration after endoscopic haemostasis promote clot stability by sustaining intragastric pH above 6. H. pylori is the key factor in peptic ulcer development and eradication is recommended immediately after feeding is restarted. Presented management reduces rebleeding rate. Despite this upper gastrointestinal bleeding still carries considerable rates of complications and mortality. To aim of this work was to review the currently available guidelines and recommendations in pharmacological managing in patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Keywords

EN

Helicobacter pylori; inhibitory pompy protonowej; krwawienie z górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego; leki prokinetyczneupper gastrointestinal bleeding; peptic ulcer; prokinetic agents; proton pump inhibitors; wrzód trawienny

Discipline

• MEDICINE: MEDICINE

• Publisher: Medical Communications
• Journal: Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna
• Year: 2013
• Volume: 9
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 15–24

Contributors

author

Krzysztof Kurek

• Klinika Gastroenterologii i Chorób Wewnętrznych UMB. Kierownik Kliniki: prof. dr hab. n. med. Andrzej Dąbrowski

author

Andrzej Dąbrowski

• Klinika Gastroenterologii i Chorób Wewnętrznych UMB. Kierownik Kliniki: prof. dr hab. n. med. Andrzej Dąbrowski

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• Document Type: article