Menu roślin mięsożernych

• Authors: Urszula Krasuska , Anna Glinka , Agnieszka Gniazdowska

Title variants

EN

Menu of carnivorous plants.

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Rośliny mięsożerne to organizmy autotroficzne wabiące i chwytające zwierzęta za pomocą specyficznych liści pułapkowych, można więc powiedzieć, że to rośliny odżywiające się pokarmem zwierzęcym. Mięsożerność w świecie roślin stanowi ciekawy przykład zdolności adaptacyjnych. Brak łatwo dostępnych składników mineralnych w środowisku naturalnym spowodował, że w toku ewolucji rośliny te wykształciły szereg mechanizmów umożliwiających im zdobywanie pierwiastków biogennych w sposób alternatywny do pobierania ich z roztworu glebowego. Wyniki badań prowadzonych od ponad 100 lat wskazują, że rośliny mięsożerne absorbują z ciał złapanych ofiar nie tylko azot, ale również m.in. fosfor i węgiel. Przyswajanie składników mineralnych jest możliwe dzięki obecności w pułapkach cieczy trawiennej, zawierającej enzymy odpowiadające za degradację białek, kwasów nukleinowych, cukrów, a nawet lipidów. Z uwagi na różny rodzaj pokarmu, sposób jego pozyskiwania i dalszej obróbki, można wśród roślin mięsożernych wyróżnić rośliny mięsożerne sensu stricto, pseudomięsożerne i rośliny detrytusożerne/koprofagi. W niniejszej pracy omówiono zagadnienia mineralnego odżywiania roślin mięsożernych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem preferowanej przez nie diety.

EN

Carnivory is a interesting example of plant adaptation to the environment deprived in mineral nutrients, especially nitrogen. Carnivorous plants derive some or most of their nutrients from trapping and consuming animals (mainly insects), instead of taking them from the soil. The results of experiments started in the past (even more than 100 years ago) on menu of carnivorous plants demonstrated that not only nitrogen but also phosphorous or carbon may be absorbed from trapped victims. Carnivorous plants are subdivided into those with passive traps and those with active traps. For some of these traps the actual method of insect decomposition involves digestive enzymes produced by the plant and bacterial decay within the trap. The composition of digestive fluid is still controversial, although activities of typical enzymes that can hydrolyze carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins and even lipids were found in the solution. Depending on the manner of nutrition e.g. a variety of victims, the group of carnivorous plants may be divided into carnivorous sensu stricto, pseudocarnivores and detritivores/coprophages. The aim of this review was to clarify current knowledge on mineral nutrition of carnivorous plants in relation to their favor diet.

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2012
• Volume: 61
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 635-646

Dates

published

2012

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