MIP-based immunoassays: State of the Art, limitations and
Perspectives

• Authors: Claudio Baggiani , Laura Anfossi , Cristina Giovannoli
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Immunoassay is one of the most popular analytical methods with
widespread applications. However, it presents several drawbacks because
of the proteic nature of the antibodies. Molecular imprinting technology
has shown a growing ability to prepare artificial molecular recognition
systems, with binding properties very similar to those of natural antibodies.
This review deals with the application of molecular imprinting technology
to immunoassay, with an attention for the state of the art, the current
limitations and the possible solutions to these issues.

Keywords

EN

Molecularly imprinted polymers ; Plastibodies ; Molecularly imprinted sorbent assay; Immunoassay; Radioimmunoassay; Enzyme immunoassay; Fluoroimmunoassay

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Molecular Imprinting
• Year: 2012
• Volume: 1
• Pages: 41-54

Dates

received

09 - 04 - 2013

accepted

12 - 06 - 2013

online

13 - 08 - 2013

Contributors

author

Claudio Baggiani

• Cardiff School of Pharmacy
  and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
  Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue,
  Cardiff, CF10 3NB, United Kingdom

author

Laura Anfossi

• Cardiff School of Pharmacy
  and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
  Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue,
  Cardiff, CF10 3NB, United Kingdom

author

Cristina Giovannoli

• Cardiff School of Pharmacy
  and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
  Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue,
  Cardiff, CF10 3NB, United Kingdom

References

• [1] Sellergren B. (ed), Molecularly imprinted polymers: manmademimics of antibodies and their applications in analyticalchemistry, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,2004.
• [2] Harlow E., Lane D., Antibodies: a laboratory manual, ColdSpring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, USA,1988
• [3] Vlatakis G., Anderson L.I., Muller R., Mosbach K., Drugassay using antibody mimics made by molecular imprinting.Nature, 1993, 361, 645-647.
• [4] Ekins R.P., The estimation of thyroxine in human plasma byan electrophoretic technique. Clin. Chim. Acta, 1960, 5, 453-459.[PubMed][Crossref]
• [5] Yalow R.S., Berson S.A., Assay of plasma insulin in humansubjects by immunological methods, Nature, 1959,184,1648-1649.
• [6] Tijssen P., Practice and theory of enzyme immunoassay,Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1985.
• [7] Ekins R.P., Ligand assays: from electrophoresis tominiaturized microarrays, Clin. Chem., 1998, 44, 2015-2030.[PubMed]
• [8] Ramström O., Ye L., Mosbach K., Artificial antibodies tocorticosteroids prepared by molecular imprinting, Chem.Biol., 1996, 3, 471-477.[Crossref]
• [9] Anderson L.I., Muller R., Vlatakis G., Mosbach K., Mimics ofthe binding sites of opioid receptors obtained by molecularimprinting of enkephalin and morphine, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.USA, 1995, 92, 4788-4792.[Crossref]
• [10] Senholdt M., Siemann M., Mosbach K., Anderson L.I.,Determination of cyclosporin A and metabolites totalconcentration using a molecularly imprinted polymer basedradioligand binding assay, Anal. Lett., 1997, 30, 1809-1821.
• [11] Siemann M., Anderson L.I., Mosbach K., Selectiverecognition of the herbicide atrazine by noncovalentmolecularly imprinted polymers, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996,44, 141-145.[Crossref]
• [12] Muldoon M.T., Stanker L.H., Polymer synthesis andcharacterization of a molecularly imprinted sorbent assay foratrazine, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 1424-1427.[Crossref]
• [13] Berglund J., Nicholls I.A., Lindbladh C., MosbachK., Recognition in molecularly imprinted polymer a2-adrenoreceptor mimics, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1996, 6,2237-2242.
• [14] Anderson L.I., Application of molecular imprinting to thedevelopment of aqueous buffer and organic solvent basedradioligand binding assays for (S)-propranolol, Anal. Chem.,1996, 68, 111-117.
• [15] Bengtsson H., Roos U., Anderson L.I., Molecular imprintbased radioassay for direct determination of S-propranolol inhuman plasma, Anal. Commun., 1997, 34, 233-235.[Crossref]
• [16] Haupt K., Dzgoev A., Mosbach K., Assay system for theherbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using a molecularlyimprinted polymer as an artificial recognition element, Anal.Chem., 1998, 70, 628-631.[PubMed]
• [17] Ansell R.J., Mosbach K, Magnetic molecularly imprintedpolymer beads for drug radioligand binding assay, 1998,123, 1611-1616.
• [18] Ye L., Cormack P.A.G., Mosbach K., Molecularly imprintedmonodisperse microspheres for competitive radioassay,Anal. Commun., 1999, 36, 35-38.[Crossref]
• [19] Tse Sum Bui B., Belmont A.S., Witters H., Haupt K., Molecularrecognition of endocrine disruptors by synthetic and natural17b-estradiol receptors: a comparative study, Anal. Bioanal.Chem., 2008, 390, 2081-2088.
• [20] Ye L., Surugiu I., Haupt K., Scintillation proximity assay usingmolecularly imprinted microspheres, Anal.,Chem., 2002, 74,959-964.[PubMed][Crossref]
• [21] Engvall E., Perlmann P.G., Enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay of immunoglobulin G, Immunochemistry, 1971, 8, 871-874.[Crossref][PubMed]
• [22] Van Weeman B.K., Schuurs A.H.W.M., Immunoassay usingantigen-enzyme conjugates, FEBS Lett., 1971, 15, 232-236.[Crossref]
• [23] Surugiu I., Ye L., Yilmaz E., Dzgoev A., Danielsson B.,Mosbach K., Haupt K., An enzyme-linked molecularlyimprinted sorbent assay, Analyst, 2000, 125, 13-16.
• [24] Surugiu I., Danielsson B., Ye L., Mosbach K., Haupt K.,Chemiluminescence imaging ELISA using an imprintedpolymer as the recognition element instead of an antibody,Anal. Chem., 2001, 73, 487-491.[PubMed][Crossref]
• [25] Surugiu I., Svitel J., Ye L., Haupt K., Danielsson B.,Development of a flow injection capillary chemiluminescentELISA using an imprinted polymer instead of the antibody,Anal. Chem., 2001. 73, 4388-4392.[Crossref][PubMed]
• [26] Piletsky S.A., Piletska E.V., Chen B., Karim K., WestonD., Barrett G., Lowe P., Turner A.P.F., Chemical graftingof molecularly imprinted homopolymers to the surface ofmicroplates. Application of artificial adrenergic receptor inenzyme-linked assay for beta-agonists determination, Anal.Chem., 2000, 72, 4381-4385.[Crossref]
• [27] Piletsky S.A., Piletska E.V., Bossi A., Karim K., Lowe P., TurnerA.P.F., Substitution of antibodies and receptors with molecularlyimprinted polymers in enzyme-linked and fluorescent assays,Biosens. Bioelectron., 2001, 16, 701-707.[Crossref]
• [28] Bossi A., Piletsky S.A., Piletska E.V., Righetti P.G., TurnerA.P.F., Surface-grafted molecularly imprinted polymers forprotein recognition, Anal. Chem., 2001, 73, 5281-5286.[Crossref]
• [29] Wang S., Xu Z.X., Fang G.Z., Zhang Y., Liu B., Zhu H.P.,Development of a biomimetic enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay method for the determination of estrone inenvironmental water using novel molecularly imprinted filmsof controlled thickness as artificial antibodies, J. Agric. Food.Chem., 2009, 57, 4528-4534.[Crossref]
• [30] Fang G.Z., Lu J.P., Pan M.F., Li W., Ren L., Wang S.,Substitution of antibody with molecularly imprinted film inenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination oftrace ractopamine in urine and pork samples, Food Anal.Methods, 2011, 4, 590-597.[Crossref]
• [31] Wang J.P., Tang W.W., Fang G.Z., Pan M.F., Wang S.,Development of a biomimetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for the determination of methimazole in urinesample, J. Chin. Chem. Soc., 2011, 58, 463-469.[Crossref]
• [32] Meng L., Qiao X.G., Xu Z.X., Xin J.H., Wang L., Developmentof a direct competitive biomimetic enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay based on a hydrophilic molecularlyimprinted membrane for the determination of trichlorfonresidues in vegetables, Food Anal. Methods, 2012, 5, 1229-1236.[Crossref]
• [33] Rachkov A., McNiven S., El’skaya A., Yano K., Karube I.,Fluorescence detection of beta-estradiol using a molecularlyimprinted polymer, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2000, 405, 23-29.
• [34] Piletsky S.A., Piletskaya E.V., Elskaya A.V., Levi R., Yano K.,Karube I., Opticai detection system for triazine based onmolecularly imprinted polymers, Anal. Lett., 1997, 30, 445-455.[Crossref]
• [35] Nicholls C., Karim K., Piletsky S., Saini S., Setford S.,Displacement imprinted polymer receptor analysis (DIPRA)for chlorophenolic contaminants in drinking water andpackaging materials, Biosens. Bioelectron., 2006, 21, 1171–1177.[Crossref]
• [36] Haupt K., Mayes A.G., Mosbach K., Herbicide assay using animprinted polymer-based system analogous to competitivefluoroimmunoassays, Anal. Chem., 1998, 70, 3936-3939.[Crossref]
• [37] Haupt K., Molecularly imprinted sorbent assays and the useof non-related probes, React. Funct. Polym., 1999, 41, 125-131.[Crossref]
• [38] Benito-Pena E., Moreno-Bondi M.C., Aparicio S., Orellana G.,Cederfur J., Kempe M., Molecular engineering of fluorescentpenicillins for molecularly imprinted polymer assays, Anal.Chem., 2006, 78, 2019-2027.[Crossref]
• [39] Urraca J.L., Moreno-Bondi M.C., Orellana G., Hall A.J.,Sellergren B., Molecularly imprinted polymers as antibodymimics in automated on-line fluorescent competitive assays,Anal. Chem., 2007, 79, 4915-4923.[Crossref]
• [40] Lu C.H., Zhou W.H., Han B., Yang H.H., Chen X., WangX.R., Surface-imprinted core-shell nanoparticles for sorbentassays, Anal. Chem., 2007, 79, 5457-5461.[Crossref]
• [41] Hunt C.E., Pasetto P., Ansell R.J., Haupt K., A fluorescencepolarisation molecular imprint sorbent assay for 2,4-D: a nonseparationpseudo-immunoassay, Chem. Commun., 2006,16, 1754-1761.
• [42] Levi R., McNiven S., Piletsky S.A., Cheong S.H., YanoK., Karube I., Optical detection of chloramphenicol usingmolecularly imprinted polymers, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69,2017-2021.[Crossref]
• [43] McNiven S., Kato M., Levi R., Yano K., Karube I.,Chloramphenicol sensor based on an in situ imprintedpolymer, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1998, 365, 69-74.
• [44] Suarez-Rodriguez J.L., Diaz-Garcia M.E., Fluorescentcompetitive flow-through assay for chloramphenicol usingmolecularly imprinted polymers, Biosens. Bioelectron., 2001,16, 955-961.[Crossref]
• [45] Piletsky S.A., Terpetschnig E., Anderson H.S., Nichols I.A.,Wolfbeis O.S., Application of non-specific fluorescent dyesfor monitoring enantio-selective ligand binding to molecularly imprinted polymers, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1999, 364,512-516.
• [46] Leute R.K., Uliman R.F., Goldstein A., Herzenberg L.A., Spinimmunoassay technique for determination of morphine,Nature, 1972, 236, 93-94.
• [47] Haga M., Itagaki H., Sugawara S., Okano T., Liposomeimmunosensors for theophylline, Biochem. Biophys. Res.Commun., 1980, 95, 187-192.[Crossref]
• [48] Barbas C.F., Burton D.R., Scott J.K., Phage display: alaboratory manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,Cold Spring Harbor, USA, 2004.
• [49] Baggiani C., Giovannoli C., Anfossi L., Passini C., BaravalleP., Giraudi G., A connection between the binding propertiesof imprinted and non-imprinted polymers: a change ofperspective in molecular imprinting, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2012, 134, 1513-1518.
• [50] Guerreiro A.R., Chianella I., Piletska E., Whitcombe M.J.,Piletsky S.A., Selection of imprinted nanoparticles byaffinity chromatography, Biosens. Bioelectron., 2009, 24,2740-2743.[Crossref]
• [51] Hoshino Y., Haberaecker W.W., Kodama T., Zeng Z.,Okahata Y., Shea K.J., Affinity purification of multifunctionalpolymer nanoparticles, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132,13648–13650.
• [52] Giraudi G., Baggiani C., Strategy for fractionating high affinityantibodies to steroid hormones by affinity chromatography,Analyst, 1996, 121, 939-44.
• [53] Dirion B., Cobb Z., Schillinger E., Andersson L.I.,Sellergren B., Water-compatible molecularly imprintedpolymers obtained via high-throughput synthesis andexperimental design, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125,15101-15109.
• [54] Oral E., Peppas N.A., Hydrophilic molecularly imprintedpoly(hydroxyethyl-methacrylate) polymers. J. Biomed. Mater.Res. A, 2006, 78A, 205-210.[Crossref]
• [55] Yang K.G., Berg M.M., Zhao C.S., Ye L., One-pot synthesisof hydrophilic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles,Macromolecules, 2009, 42, 8739-8746.[Crossref]
• [56] Pan G.Q., Zhang Y., Guo X.Z., Li C.X., Zhang H.Q., Anefficient approach to obtaining water-compatible and stimuliresponsivemolecularly imprinted polymers by the facilesurface-grafting of functional polymer brushes via RAFTpolymerization. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2010, 26, 976-982.[Crossref]
• [57] Parisi O.I., Cirillo G., Curcio M., Puoci F., Iemma F., SpizzirriU.G., Picci N., Surface modifications of molecularly imprintedpolymers for improved template recognition in water media,J. Polym. Res., 2010, 17, 355-362.[Crossref]
• [58] Pan G.Q., Ma Y.. Zhang Y.. Guo X.Z., Li C.X., Zhang H.Q.,Controlled synthesis of water-compatible molecularly imprintedpolymer microspheres with ultrathin hydrophilic polymer shellsvia surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chaintransfer polymerization, Soft Matter, 2011, 7, 8428-8439.
• [59] Lu, C.H., Zhou W.H., Han B., Yang H.H., Chen X., WangX.R., Surface-imprinted core-shell nanoparticles for sorbentassays, Anal. Chem., 2007, 79, 5457-5461.[Crossref]
• [60] Balamurugan S., Spivak D.A., Molecular imprinting inmonolayer surfaces, J. Mol. Recogn., 2011, 24, 915-929.[Crossref]
• [61] Halhalli M.R., Schillinger E., Aureliano C.S.A., Sellergren B., Thinwalled imprinted polymer beads featuring both uniform andaccessible binding sites, Chem. Mater., 2012, 24, 2909-2919.[Crossref]
• [62] Byrne M.E., Salian V., Molecular imprinting within hydrogels II:Progress and analysis of the field, Int. J. Pharm., 2008, 364,188-212.
• [63] Liu X.Y., Zhou T., Du Z.W., Wei Z., Zhang J.H., Recognitionability of temperature responsive molecularly imprintedpolymer hydrogels, Soft Matter, 2011, 7, 1986-1993.
• [64] Ran D., Wang Y.Z., Jia X.P., Nie C., Bovine serum albuminrecognition via thermosensitive molecular imprintedmacroporous hydrogels prepared at two differenttemperatures, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2012, 723, 45-53.

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/molim-2013-0002