PSJD - Yadda

1

The Relationship among the Somatic Characteristics, Age and Covered Distance of Football Players

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Soroka A., Bergier J.

Human Movement

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2011

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vol. 12

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issue 4

353-360

EN

Purpose. The aim of this article was to define the somatic characteristics, BMI index, age and total distance covered of football players who participated in the 2008 European Football Championships. The article also pointed to any significant interrelationships. Methods. On the basis of a game analysis system, the Castrol Performance Index, the 248 football players who participated in all 32 games of the Championships were subject to analysis based on the distance covered during the games, with the results statistically analyzed and compared with the players' somatic characteristics. In addition, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used as a non-parametric counterpart of one-way analysis of variance. Results. The highest values of the somatic characteristics such as height, body mass, age and the BMI index were found in goalkeepers. The longest distances covered during the games were attained by midfielders and side midfielders, whereas the shortest distances covered were by goalkeepers and central defenders. Larger values of height and body mass corresponded to smaller covered distances by players during the games. Conclusions. The indicated dependences, which were found among the players' age, height, body mass and covered distance during the games allows one to define the usefulness of a player in a particular team formation. The covered distance, particularly in correlation with the mentioned morphological indicators, which to a great extent are genetically conditioned, could be used as criterion towards specifying in the most accurate way which formation a particular player should play in, based on his genetic predisposition.

2

Coach Mid-Season Replacement and Team Performance in Professional Soccer

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Lago-Peñas C.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 28

115-122

EN

The coaching carousel or turnover is an extreme but frequently occurring phenomenon in soccer. Among the reasons for firing a coach, the most common is the existence of a shock-effect: a new coach would be able to motivate the players better and therefore to improve results. Using data from the Spanish Soccer League during the seasons from 1997-1998 to 2006-2007, this paper investigates the relationship between team performance and coach change over time. The empirical analysis shows that the shock effect of a turnover has a positive impact on team performance in the short term. Results reveal no impact of coach turnover in the long term. The favourable short-term impact on team performance of a coach turnover is followed by continued gradual worsening of results. The turnover effect is non-existent when the comparison between the new coach and the old coach is done over 10, 15 or 20 matches before and after termination.

3

Physical Characteristics and Somatotype of Soccer Players according to Playing Level and Position

100%

Hazir T.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2010

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vol. 26

83-95

EN

The purpose of this study was to assess the physical characteristics of soccer players according to playing level and position. A total of 305 professional male soccer players [Turkish Super League (SL) (n = 161) and Turkish First League (FL) (n = 144)] were involved in this study. All data were gathered at the beginning of preparatory period of mid-season. Height, weight, flexed and tensed upper arm and calf girths, humerus and femur biepicondylar breadths, and four skinfold thicknesses (triceps, subscapular, supraspinale, and medial calf) were measured. Somatotypes were estimated using the Heath-Carter method. SL players were older (p≥0.002), and heavier (p≥0.007) than FL players, while height (p ≤ 0.497) was similar between SL and FL groups. There were significant differences for BW (p≥=0.000), and height (p≥0.000) between playing positions. Goalkeepers were taller (p≥0.000), and heavier (p≥0.001) than other players. Midfielders were shorter (p≥0.013) than other players, however, they were lighter than forwards (p≥0.008). The mean somatotype of the overall players was 2.4-4.8-2.3 (0.9-0.8-0.7) in SL and was 3.0-4.5-2.6 (0.9-0.9-0.8) in FL. SL players were more mesomorphic (p≥0.01), less endomorphic (p≥0.000), and less ectomorphic (p≥0.001) than FL players. Except for goalkeepers, there were significant differences in paired means between whole somatotype means of the SL and FL according to playing positions. The results of the present study demonstrate that both physical characteristics and somatotype of players were significantly different between playing levels and positions. Although the somatotype of soccer players in both levels was dominated by the mesomorph category, players at the higher playing level were more mesomorphic, and less endomorphic and ectomorphic than players at the lower level at all playing positions.

4

THE DIFFERENCES IN RESULTS OF PRELIMINARY SELECTION IN TEAM SPORTS AS THE PREMISE TO DEFINE A PROFILE OF A “YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYER”

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Štihec J., Sroka R.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2013

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vol. 4

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issue 4

19-28

EN

The aim of the work was to define the differences between boys selected for football training and their peers at the beginning stage of different team sports training, as well as those that do not practice any sports discipline. The research material consisted of 97 schoolboys at the age of 10 selected to practice team sports, including football, and 39 non-training boys. All boys attended Szczecin primary schools. Apart from the basic anthropometric characteristics, the following motor skills were analyzed: kinesthetic differentiation, reaction speed, movement frequency, spatial orientation, static balance, maximal lactic anaerobic power, maximal non-lactic anaerobic power, fast muscle activation, aerobic endurance and absolute muscle strength. Not all test results are expressed in SI units. Data obtained through the applied method served as the grounds for defining a profile of a “young football player” as the premise to improve the process of preliminary selection for football. Candidates selected for soccer training presented higher level of kinesthetic differentiation than all other examined boys. They also presented higher level of movement frequency than volleyball players and higher level of space orientation than the not-trained boys. Soccer players nevertheless presented lover level of time of reaction than the candidates selected for basketball training. Results of all condition abilities tests’ obtained by soccer players were statistically significant better than the one obtained by the untrained boys (p0.001) and the candidates for volleyball training (p0.05, p0.001). The greatest differences were noticed in tests of aerobic endurance and maximal non-lactic and lactic anaerobic power.

5

The Vertical Jump Height of Soccer Players after Static Overstretching

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Vasconcellos F., De Salles P., Junior A., De Mello D., Dantas E.

Human Movement

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2012

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vol. 13

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issue 1

4-7

EN

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of static overstretching on performing a vertical jump. Methods. A methodological model was used, using descriptive and comparative methods on 45 randomly selected under-15-year-old male soccer players. Three jump test measurements were taken over a period of several days, where the first measurement included a pre-test in order to familiarize the athletes with using a contact mat, where maximum vertical jump height was recorded as a control. The second measurement had the athletes perform a vertical jump after static overstretching of the lower limbs. The third test had the athletes perform another vertical jump with no overstretching as another control. Results. The results found a significant difference in vertical jump heights (Δ% = 34.1%, p < 0.05), with jumps performed after static overstretching to be much lower. Conclusions. The usage of such a static overstretching method negatively influences the vertical jump within the tested group of under-15 male soccer players.

6

Generic versus specific sprint training in young soccer players

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Jastrzebski Z., Radziminski L., Dargiewicz R., Jaskulska E., Barnat W., Rompa P.

|

EN

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of two 8-week sprint training programs on the speed and sport-specific skills of young soccer players and to determine additional effects of 8 weeks’ whole body rotation. Material/Methods: Twenty-two Under-18 soccer players were divided into two groups: a running group (RG) and a ball group (BG). The RG completed sprint training without the ball, whereas the BG members trained with the ball. The 5-, 10-, 15-, 20- and 30-m sprint times and the level of soccer-specific skills were measured before and after completing the training programs. Results: A significant (p < 0.05) time interaction was found in sprint times at all distances. The players from both groups achieved significantly better sprint times on the distances of 15 m and 30 m; additionally, an improvement in the 20 m sprint time was noted in the BG. No significant changes in the level of soccer-specific skills were found. Conclusions: Sprint training performed with a ball might be equally efficient as a traditional non-ball method for developing players’ speed. Moreover, soccer-specific sprint training may improve certain technical skills in young players.

7

The Efficiency Model of Soccer Player's Actions in Cooperation with Other Team Players at the FIFA World Cup

100%

Szwarc A.

Human Movement

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2008

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vol. 9

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issue 1

56-61

EN

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to present a simple, table-graphic model of one-to-one play in soccer based on observation of cooperation of top soccer players. Basic procedures. The research material consisted of audio-visual recordings from six soccer matches played by the three top teams of the 2006 World Cup finals. The data concering one-to-one plays was entered on a special form. Offensive and defensive actions were assessed with reference to the implementation of the game's objectives and players' position in the field zones. Main findings. It has been proven that elite soccer players are most effective at intercepting the ball down the field and in other zones of the pitch. They are also very active in breaking their opponents' offensive actions in midfield. Conclusions. The models reflecting elite soccer players' efficiency in one-to-one play should constitute important references for the training of novice soccer players.

8

Validity and Reproducibility of the Sargent Jump Test in the Assessment of Explosive Strength in Soccer Players

100%

de Salles P., Vasconcellos F., de Salles G., Fonseca R., Dantas E.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2012

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vol. 33

115-121

EN

The purpose of this study was to check the validity and the intra- and inter-evaluators reproducibility of the Sargent Jump Test, as an instrument of explosive strength measurement of soccer players of the sub-15 class. Forty-five soccer players were randomly selected from different clubs competing in the local soccer championship. All subjects performed one test on the same jump platform model Jumptest® (Hidrofit Ltda, Brazil) and two independent Sargent Jump Tests assessed by the same evaluator. Two days later, another Sargent Jump Test was performed simultaneously assessed by 2 evaluators. In all tests, three jumps were performed and the highest one was registered. In order to check the validity, the first Sargent Jump Test results were compared to those from the jump platform, considered the gold standard. To evaluate intra- and inter-evaluator reproducibility, results from the first, second and third Sargent Jump Tests were analyzed. The validity and reproducibility were evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and by the Bland and Altman test (statistical pack SPSS 11.0), with a significance level set at p<0.05. The values found for validity (r=0.99, p=0.001), for intra-evaluator reproducibility (r=0.99, p=0.001) and for inter-evaluator reproducibility (r=1.0, p=0.001), permitted us to conclude that the Sargent Jump Test is a valid and reproducible instrument for measuring the explosive strength in homogeneous groups, such as those used in the present study.

9

Determination of Strength Exercise Intensities Based on the Load-Power-Velocity Relationship

100%

Jandačka D., Beremlijski P.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 28

33-44

EN

The velocity of movement and applied load affect the production of mechanical power output and subsequently the extent of the adaptation stimulus in strength exercises. We do not know of any known function describing the relationship of power and velocity and load in the bench press exercise. The objective of the study is to find a function modeling of the relationship of relative velocity, relative load and mechanical power output for the bench press exercise and to determine the intensity zones of the exercise for specifically focused strength training of soccer players. Fifteen highly trained soccer players at the start of a competition period were studied. The subjects of study performed bench presses with the load of 0, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90% of the predetermined one repetition maximum with maximum possible speed of movement. The mean measured power and velocity for each load (kg) were used to develop a multiple linear regression function which describes the quadratic relationship between the ratio of power (W) to maximum power (W) and the ratios of the load (kg) to one repetition maximum (kg) and the velocity (m•s-1) to maximal velocity (m•s-1). The quadratic function of two variables that modeled the searched relationship explained 74% of measured values in the acceleration phase and 75% of measured values from the entire extent of the positive power movement in the lift. The optimal load for reaching maximum power output suitable for the dynamics effort strength training was 40% of one repetition maximum, while the optimal mean velocity would be 75% of maximal velocity. Moreover, four zones: maximum power, maximum velocity, velocity-power and strength-power were determined on the basis of the regression function.

10

Analysis of Match Performance of Full-backs from Selected European Soccer Leagues

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Konefał M., Chmura P., Andrzejewski M., Pukszta D., Chmura J.

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2015

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vol. 11

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issue 3

45-53

EN

The aim of the present study was the analysis of match activities of full-backs from selected European national soccer leagues. The study sample comprised 30 full-backs playing in the autumn round of the 2014/15 season from five European national top-tier leagues: English Premier League, Spanish Primera Division, German Bundesliga, Russian Priemjer Liga and Italian Serie A. The performance of full-backs (left-back and right-back) from each selected team was analyzed using a professional match analysis system OptaPro which tracks every possible type of ball touch and on the ball action in match covered by a rigid set of definitions. The data for analysis included the total number of passes, total number of crosses, and total number of ball touches performed by the fullbacks in three zones of the pitch: attack, midfield and defense. The study results showed that the full-backs from the Spanish Primera Division executed the highest number of passes and crosses as well as ball touches in the attack zone. They also performed the lowest number of passes in the midfield and defense zones, in which the highest percentage of passes was achieved by the full-backs from the German league teams. The study indicates that in modern soccer defenders must possess a high level of offensive skills that can be necessary in the last stage of a team’s attack.

11

The 3 vs 1 game build-up effectiveness examination in physical and technical tests of 11-year-old football players

100%

Tóth jr. J., Zalai D., Tóth J., Hamar P.

Biomedical Human Kinetics

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2013

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vol. 5

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issue 1

108-112

EN

Study aim: The aim of this study is to prove that young players who have been coached with the main focus on technical ability and player interaction, perform better when tested on physical and technical attributes. Material and methods: We examined 2 separate groups made up of 15 players each. After thorough analysis, the experimental group practiced playing forms to building up 3 vs 1 games weekly for one year. The control group did not follow this training pattern. Results: Over the course of the year there was a constant development in all aspects of the examination. Furthermore, both physical and technical attributes were significantly better . The same cannot be concluded from the analysis of the control group, in which the performance level even dropped in some aspects of the examination. Conclusion: The results show that players practicing the playing forms on a weekly basis performed better in physical and technical tests. In addition, subjective experience has also underlined the effect of the method.

12

The Effect of Acute Creatine Supplementation on Fatigue and Anaerobic Performance

100%

Ateş O., Keskin B., Bayraktar B.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2017

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vol. 19

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issue 3

85-92

EN

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acute creatine monohydrate supplementation on fatigue and anaerobic performance. Thirty young soccer players participated in this study. Participants continued their training without taking any food supplements for 5 days, taking 0.3 g of milk dust per kg for 5 days and using 0.3 g creatine monohydrate per kg for 5 days. A total of 6 × 35 m sprint times were used in the fatigue index with a 10-second rest period between them. Single repeated sprint times of 35 m were examined as well. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found both fatigue index and single repeated 35 m sprint time after creatine supplementation. However there was not a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in Rast Test results. In soccer, it is known that there is a strong positive correlation between game performance and the number of repeated sprint numbers in a game. In conclusion, there was a statistically significant effect of 0.3 g of acute creatine loading per kg over 5 days on the single repeated sprints and fatigue index values. The creatine monohydrate can be used as an ergogenic aid for recovery periods between high-intensity exercises to affect performance.

13

Evaluation of the Blood Antioxidant Capacity in Two Selected Phases of the Training Cycle in Professional Soccer Players

100%

Michalczyk M., Kłapcińska B., Sadowska-Krępa E., Jagsz S., Pilis W., Szołtysek-Bołdys I., Chmura J., Kimsa E., Kempa K.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2008

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vol. 19

93-108

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a regular pre-season training on the aerobic performance and the blood antioxidant defense capacity in soccer players from the Polish Premier League club (n=19) and IVth League team (n=15). The players participated in an incremental treadmill running exercise to volitional fatigue twice (i.e., at the beginning (Trial A) and the end (Trial B) of the pre-season spring training). In venous blood samples, taken at rest and 3 min post-test, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, GR) and concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH, tocopherols, retinol, uric acid) and malondialdehyde as a lipid peroxidation biomarker were measured. With the aim of between-group comparisons and possible conclusions on training-induced changes in the capacity of the blood antioxidant defense, the POTAX index was calculated as a sum of standardized activities of antioxidant enzymes and concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants.The results of the present study indicate that the players from the Premier League club were characterized by only slightly higher maximal oxygen uptake rates, the differences compared to IVth League team, as assessed in both trials, were statistically insignificant. Participation in the pre-season training resulted in a moderate improvement of aerobic performance, although only a few players were characterized by VO2max comparable to the international-class elite performers. No distinct differences were observed in the level of aerobic performance between higher- and lower-classified players.Pre-season training led to an improvement in the global blood antioxidant capacity expressed in terms of POTAOX indices, although the changes in the activities and concentrations of individual components of the antioxidant system were less pronounced. Training-induced level of antioxidant conditioning was higher among the Premier League players, which may be related to differences in the training schedule and nutritional preparation of the athletes.

14

Respiratory performance and occlusal strength of soccer players: an approach after training and detraining during the lockdown due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

100%

Prandi M. V. R., Palinkas M., Wanshi Arnoni V., Gomes G. G. C., Silva A. W., Fabrin S. C. V., Regalo I. H., Siéssere S., Regalo S. C. H.

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

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2021

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vol. 37(4)

201-206

EN

Background. The aim of the study was evaluate the strength of the respiratory muscles, bite force, and occlusal force distribution of professional soccer players after training and detraining resulting from the lockdown that occurred during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Material and methods. Twelve male soccer players (age, 19-34 years) were subjected to respiratory muscle strength analysis by examining the maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, maximum molar bite force (right and left sides), and occlusal force distribution of the first permanent molars. Comparisons of variables after training and detraining were analyzed using the paired-sample t-test (p < 0.05), and the correlation between respiratory variables was measured using the Pearson test (p < 0.05). Results. There were no significant differences in the bite force and occlusal force distributions after training and detraining. The correlation results showed moderate positivity between the maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures during the training period. Conclusions. The results suggest that when soccer players strengthen the inspiratory muscles, they also strengthen the expiratory muscles and that detraining does not impact the athlete's organic function, especially the respiratory muscle function and the forces of the occlusal contact of the first permanent molars.

15

Heroes and Villains in Uruguayan Soccer (2010-2014): A discursive Approach

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Maneiro C., Marchi W.

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vol. 66

|

issue 1

28-42

EN

This paper proposes to discuss, through an individual case study of four athletes, the mechanisms used by the Uruguayan sports press in the discursive construction of national soccer heroes and villains in the 2010-2014 period. The article begins with a theoretically founded introduction to the processes of media construction of sports heroes and their importance in the socialization process individuals go through in any given society. Afterwards, a brief case study of the selected athletes is developed in light of this theoretical framework, focusing on the mechanisms used for discursively constructing heroes and their transformations into villains. Finally, the selected cases are summarized, underlying the media atribution of certain values and features considered socially desirable by Uruguayan society.

16

A Pattern of Efficiency of Actions in Soccer Based on Observations of the European Championships 2008 Finals

100%

Szwarc A.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

|

2009

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vol. 1

|

issue 1

79-85

EN

Background: The purpose of this work was to present a model which shows the efficiency of the actions in the game of soccer, based on observations of 7 final tournament matches during the European Championships in 2008. The successful teams were analyzed from the quarterfinals to the final match. Activity, effectiveness and reliability, during both offensive and defensive actions, were subject to this examination.Material/Methods: The material consisted of the audio-visual records gathered from 7 matches which had been played in the final tournament in the 2008 European Championships. The gathered data was put on the special observation sheet in accordance with the Panfil's design.Results: It has been ascertained that the most effective actions are those of possessing the ball and the actions of gaining the field, while the rate of scoring goals is similar to that which had been observed during finals in other top soccer tournaments. Additionally, in the defensive actions the best players manifest higher reliability in co-operation than in individual actions.Conclusions: In the top-level competitions, group/team actions prevailed over individual ones. The examined players manifested nearly the same efficiency in scoring like those who took part in the finals of the World and continental championships. The players regarded as champions made use of various individual actions against their opponents with a ball, depending on the implemented game tasks.The models which illustrate the efficiency of actions in soccer, at the top-level competition should be used for creating ideal models which will design the game of players of lower sport competence.

17

Relationship between group cohesion and anxiety in soccer

100%

Chicau Borrego C., Cid L., Silva C.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2012

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vol. 34

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issue 1

119-127

EN

Group cohesion in sport is a widely spread theme today. Research has found cohesion to be influenced by several individual and group components. Among the cognitive variables that relate to cohesion we found competitive anxiety. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between task cohesion (ATG-T, and GI-T) and competitive state anxiety (A-state), and also if there would be a relation between cohesion and self-confidence. Participants were 366 football players of both genders male and female, aged between 15 to 23 years old, from Portugal’s championships. Cohesion was measured using the Portuguese version of the Group Environment Questionnaire, and to assess competitive anxiety, we used the Portuguese version of the Competition State Anxiety Inventory 2. Our results show that female athletes report experiencing more cognitive anxiety and less self-confidence than male athletes. Only cognitive anxiety relates in a significantly negative way with the perception of cohesion (GI-T e ATG-T) in the total number of participants and in male athletes. Relatively to the somatic anxiety, it only relates negatively with the perception of the integration of the group in the total number of participants and in the male gender.

18

Selected Cognitive Abilities in Elite Youth Soccer Players

100%

Baláková V., Boschek P., Skalíková L.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2015

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vol. 49

|

issue 1

267-276

EN

The identification of talent in soccer is critical to various programs. Although many research findings have been presented, there have been only a few attempts to assess their validity. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between talent and achievement variables in the Vienna Test System. The participants were 91 Czech soccer players, representing four youth soccer teams, who were born in the year 2000. These boys were divided into two groups according to their coaches’ assessments using a TALENT questionnaire. A two-factor model (component 1: “kinetic finesse”; component 2: “mental strength”) was designed to interpret the responses of the coaches on the questionnaire. The Vienna Test System was used to determine the level of players’ cognitive abilities. In total, the subjects performed seven tests in the following order: Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), a reaction test (RT), a determination test (DT), a visual pursuit test (LVT), a Corsi Block-Tapping Test (CORSI), a time/movement anticipation test (ZBA), and a peripheral perception test (PP). To analyze the relationship between talent and achievement variables within the Vienna Test System, correlation analyses were performed. The results revealed that the talented group attained significantly better results on only 1 of the 16 variables, which was ZBA2: movement anticipation - deviation of movement median (r = .217, p = .019). A comparison of the two talent components showed that component 1 (“kinetic finesse”) was a more significant factor than component 2 (“mental strength”). Although we observed statistically significant correlations, their actual significance remains questionable; thus, further research is required.

19

Using Network Metrics in Soccer: A Macro-Analysis

100%

Clemente F. M., Couceiro M. S., Martins F. M. L., Mendes R. S.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2015

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vol. 45

|

issue 1

123-134

EN

The aim of this study was to propose a set of network methods to measure the specific properties of a team. These metrics were organised at macro-analysis levels. The interactions between teammates were collected and then processed following the analysis levels herein announced. Overall, 577 offensive plays were analysed from five matches. The network density showed an ambiguous relationship among the team, mainly during the 2nd half. The mean values of density for all matches were 0.48 in the 1st half, 0.32 in the 2nd half and 0.34 for the whole match. The heterogeneity coefficient for the overall matches rounded to 0.47 and it was also observed that this increased in all matches in the 2nd half. The centralisation values showed that there was no ‘star topology’. The results suggest that each node (i.e., each player) had nearly the same connectivity, mainly in the 1st half. Nevertheless, the values increased in the 2nd half, showing a decreasing participation of all players at the same level. Briefly, these metrics showed that it is possible to identify how players connect with each other and the kind and strength of the connections between them. In summary, it may be concluded that network metrics can be a powerful tool to help coaches understand team’s specific properties and support decision-making to improve the sports training process based on match analysis.

20

Short-Term Effects of Complex Training on Agility with the Ball, Speed, Efficiency of Crossing and Shooting in Youth Soccer Players

100%

Cavaco B., Sousa N., Machado dos Reis V., Garrido N., Saavedra F., Mendes R., Vilaça-Alves J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2014

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vol. 43

|

issue 1

105-112

EN

Complex training (CXT) is the result of a combination of strength and plyometric exercises in the same session. This method has recently been used in the preparation of athletes of different sports. The aim of the present study was to observe the acute effects of a CXT program of 6 weeks: i) on agility with the ball, sprinting and the efficiency of crossing and shooting in youth soccer players; ii) and the influence of the number of CXT sessions per week (one vs. two). Sixteen youth male soccer players were randomly divided into three groups: a group that performed one weekly CXT session (GCT1, n = 5, age: 13.80 ± 0.45 years); or a group that performed two weekly CXT sessions (GCT2, n = 5, age: 14.20 ± 0.45 years); or a control group that did not perform the CTX (n = 6, age: 14.20 ± 0.84 years). All groups maintained their regular soccer training sessions. No significant interactions were found between GCT1 and GCT2 in all variables. Significant statistical differences were identified (F = 1139, p = 0.02, μp2 = 0531) in the pre-test versus post-test, for both experimental groups, in shot effectiveness. In conclusion, the CXT program proved to be an effective method in boosting abilities and motor skills associated with soccer among young athletes, particularly in increasing shot effectiveness.

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The Relationship among the Somatic Characteristics, Age and Covered Distance of Football Players

Coach Mid-Season Replacement and Team Performance in Professional Soccer

Physical Characteristics and Somatotype of Soccer Players according to Playing Level and Position

THE DIFFERENCES IN RESULTS OF PRELIMINARY SELECTION IN TEAM SPORTS AS THE PREMISE TO DEFINE A PROFILE OF A “YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYER”

The Vertical Jump Height of Soccer Players after Static Overstretching

Generic versus specific sprint training in young soccer players

The Efficiency Model of Soccer Player's Actions in Cooperation with Other Team Players at the FIFA World Cup

Validity and Reproducibility of the Sargent Jump Test in the Assessment of Explosive Strength in Soccer Players

Determination of Strength Exercise Intensities Based on the Load-Power-Velocity Relationship

Analysis of Match Performance of Full-backs from Selected European Soccer Leagues

The 3 vs 1 game build-up effectiveness examination in physical and technical tests of 11-year-old football players

The Effect of Acute Creatine Supplementation on Fatigue and Anaerobic Performance

Evaluation of the Blood Antioxidant Capacity in Two Selected Phases of the Training Cycle in Professional Soccer Players

Respiratory performance and occlusal strength of soccer players: an approach after training and detraining during the lockdown due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Heroes and Villains in Uruguayan Soccer (2010-2014): A discursive Approach

A Pattern of Efficiency of Actions in Soccer Based on Observations of the European Championships 2008 Finals

Relationship between group cohesion and anxiety in soccer

Selected Cognitive Abilities in Elite Youth Soccer Players

Using Network Metrics in Soccer: A Macro-Analysis

Short-Term Effects of Complex Training on Agility with the Ball, Speed, Efficiency of Crossing and Shooting in Youth Soccer Players