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Application of aluminosilicates for mitigation of ammonia and volatile organic compound emissions from poultry manure

100%
Opaliński S., Korczyński M., Szołtysik M., Dobrzański Z., Kołacz R.
Open Chemistry
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2015
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vol. 13
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issue 1
EN
Odor mitigation techniques are widely investigated due to the problem of odor nuisance generated by intensive livestock production. The goal of this research was to investigate the use of aluminosilicate sorbents as filter packs in the air scrubber ODOR1, which enables cleaning of air inside the livestock building. The following sorbents were examined: raw halloysite, roasted halloysite, activated halloysite, raw bentonite, roasted bentonite and expanded vermiculite. The experiment was conducted in chambers where poultry manure was placed, the time of air treatment was 24 hours. A manual SPME (solid-phase microextraction) holder with DVB/Carboxen/PDMS fiber was used for extraction of odor compounds, and analyses were carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ammonia concentrations were determined according to Polish standards (Nessler method) using a spectrophotometer. It was found that all examined aluminosilicates had the potential for removal of ammonia as well as 24 volatile compounds emitted from poultry manure. The highest efficiency was noted for activated halloysite (81%) and roasted bentonite (84%) in the case of ammonia and odors, respectively. Despite the limitations of the study, the results showed the effectiveness of the air scrubber packed with aluminosilicates for the reduction of volatile odorous compounds in the air of livestock buildings.
2
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An Investigation on the Efficiency of Air Purification Using a Biofilter with Activated Bed of Different Origin

100%
Zagorskis A., Vaiškūnaitė R.
Chemical and Process Engineering
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2014
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vol. 35
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issue 4
435-445
EN
Recent studies in the area of biological air treatment in filters have addressed fundamental key issues, such as a biofilter bed of different origin composed of natural zeolite granules, foam cubes and wood chips. When foam and zeolite are mixed with wood chips to remove volatile organic compounds from the air, not only biological but also adsorption air purification methods are accomplished. The use of complex purification technologies helps to improve the efficiency of a filter as well as the bed service life of the filter bed. Investigations revealed that microorganisms prevailing in biological purification, can also reproduce themselves in biofilter beds of inorganic and synthetic origin composed of natural zeolite and foam. By cultivating associations of spontaneous microorganisms in the filter bed the dependencies of the purification efficiency of filter on the origin, concentration and filtration time of injected pollutants were determined. The highest purification efficiency was obtained when air polluted with acetone vapour was supplied to the equipment at 0.1 m/s of superficial gas velocity. When cleaning air from volatile organic compounds (acetone, toluene and butanol), under the initial pollutant concentration of ~100 mg/m3, the filter efficiency reached 95 %.
3
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An Investigation on the Efficiency of Air Purification Using a Biofilter with Activated Bed of Different Origin

86%
Zagorskis A., Vaiškūnaitė R.
Chemical and Process Engineering
|
2014
|
issue 4
4
Content available remote

Free of Volatile Organic Compounds Protection against Moisture in Building Materials/Zabezpieczenia Przegród Budowlanych Przed Wilgocią Wolne Od Lotnych Związków Organicznych

58%
Suchorab Z., Barnat-Hunek D., Smarzewski P., Pavlík Z., Černý R.
Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S
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2014
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vol. 21
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issue 3
401-411
EN
The article presents information about moisture protection of building materials. The discussed parameters determining the efficiency of the water protection are material porosity, water absorptivity and surface condition of building materials. Moreover the ecological aspect of hydrophobic VOC-free preparations available on the market has been underlined. The first part of the article is a description of moisture problem in the building envelopes and the possibilities of its prevention. The special attention is put on the electric methods of moisture estimation with a special emphasis on the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) method. The second part of the article is devoted an experiment of model red-brick walls exhibited on capillary uptake process. For the experiment three model red-brick walls were built and prepared for water uptake process. The experiment was monitored by the capacitive and surface TDR probes thanks to which the necessity of sampling and material destruction could be avoided. Conducted experiments show the progress of water uptake phenomenon in the model walls which differ in type of protection against moisture and prove the potential of the non-invasive measurements using the surface TDR probes. Basic physical parameters of the applied bricks were determined together with the reflectometric measurements. Furthermore, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the hydrophobic layer continuity.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono parametry materiałów budowlanych, które wpływają na skuteczność stosowania preparatów hydrofobowych. Należą do nich porowatość, nasiąkliwość i stan powierzchni. Podkreślono również ekologiczne aspekty stosowania dostępnych na rynku budowlanym hydrofobowych preparatów wolnych od lotnych związków organicznych. Pierwsza część pracy jest omówieniem problemów wilgotnościowych w przegrodach budowlanych. Duży nacisk położono na elektryczne techniki detekcji wilgoci ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem metody TDR. Druga część ma charakter eksperymentalny. W celu zbadania zjawiska podciągania kapilarnego przygotowano trzy modelowe ścianki z cegły ceramicznej pełnej. Omawiany proces był monitorowany za pomocą czujników pojemnościowych oraz powierzchniowych sond TDR. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają na śledzenie procesu podciągania kapilarnego w modelowych ściankach z cegły ceramicznej różniących się od siebie rodzajem zastosowanego preparatu hydrofobowego i potwierdzają możliwości sondy powierzchniowej TDR w pomiarach wilgotnościowych murów. Równolegle do badań za pomocą technik elektrycznych wyznaczono podstawowe parametry fizyczne cegły wykorzystanej do wymurowania ścianek, wykonano również zdjęcia za pomocą skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego (SEM) w celu przeanalizowania ciągłości warstwy hydrofobowej.
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