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Growth and Functional Characteristics of Male Athletes 11-15 Years of Age

100%

Malina R., Rożek K., Ignasiak Z., Sławińska T., Fugiel J., Kochan K., Domaradzki J.

Human Movement

2011

vol. 12

issue 2

180-187

Purpose. To evaluate the growth and functional characteristics of male athletes 11-15 years of age. Basic procedures. The sample included 190 boys, 10.5-15.4 years, undergoing training of sport schools for track and field (136) and other sports (54). Height, weight, three skinfolds and % Fat (NIR) were measured. Grip strength, standing long jump, 2 kg medicine ball throw and 20 m sprint were tested. Track and field athletes were compared by discipline and to athletes in other sports using MANCOVA (multivariate analysis of covariance). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the relative contributions of age, body size and adiposity to the four functional indicators in two age groups, those 11-13 years and 14-15 years. Main findings. All variables except the standing long jump and 20 m sprint differed significantly by track and field discipline. Only height and ball throw differed among athletes in other sports. Track and field athletes had a significantly lower BMI and % Fat and performed better in the jump and sprint than athletes in other sports. Variance explained in each of the functional indicators was greater in younger than in older athletes. The sum of skinfolds and % Fat exerted a negative influence on all functional indicators. Conclusions. Trends in body size of male athletes attending sport schools were consistent with observations for youth male athletes in several sports. Height, weight and adiposity accounted for significant portions of variation in the four functional indicators in each age group, but the explained variance was higher in younger athletes.

Mechanical Work and Long-Distance Performance Prediction: the Influence of Allometric Scaling

94%

Peikriszwili Tartaruga M., Brisswalter J., Mota C. B., Alberton C. L., Gomeñuka N. A., Peyré-Tartaruga L. A.

Journal of Human Kinetics

2013

vol. 38

73-82

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of allometric scaling on the relationship between mechanical work and long-distance running performance in recreational runners. Fourteen recreational long-distance runners (male, mean ± SD - age: 29 ± 7 years; body mass: 70.0 ± 10.2 kg; body height: 1.71 ± 0.07 m; maximal oxygen uptake: VO2max 52.0 ± 4.9 ml·kg-1·min-1) performed two tests: a continuous incremental test to volitional exhaustion in order to determine VO2max, and a 6-minute running submaximal test at 3.1 m·s-1, during which segments in the sagittal plane were recorded using a digital camera and the internal (Wint), external (Wext) and total (Wtot) mechanic work, in J.kg-1·m-1, was subsequently calculated. The results indicated a significant correlation between mechanical work and performance, however, the strongest correlations were observed when allometric exponents were used (respectively for Wint, Wext and Wtot; non allometric vs. allometric scaling defined by literature (0.75) or determined mathematically (0.49): r = 0.38 vs. r = 0.44 and r = 0.50; r = 0.80 vs. r = 0.83 and r = 0.82; r = 0.70 vs. r = 0.77 and r = 0.78). These results indicate that mechanical work could be used as a predictor of recreational long-distance performance and an allometric model may improve this prediction.

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1 Human Movement

1 Journal of Human Kinetics

1 2013

1 2011

1 Alberton C. L.

1 Brisswalter J.

1 Domaradzki J.

1 Fugiel J.

1 Gomeñuka N. A.

1 Ignasiak Z.

1 Kochan K.

1 Malina R.

1 Mota C. B.

1 Peikriszwili Tartaruga M.

1 Peyré-Tartaruga L. A.

1 Rożek K.

1 Sławińska T.

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Growth and Functional Characteristics of Male Athletes 11-15 Years of Age

Mechanical Work and Long-Distance Performance Prediction: the Influence of Allometric Scaling