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Heterogeneous radiolysis of urea. Implications in astrobiology and prebiotic chemistry

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Abigail E. Cruz-Hernández, A. E., Colin-Garcia M., Heredia-Barbero A., Negron-Mendoza A., Ramos-Bernal S.

Open Chemistry

2015

vol. 13

issue 1

Urea is an organic molecule present in most living organisms. Historically, it was the first organic molecule synthesized in the laboratory. In prebiotic chemistry, urea readily forms in different laboratory simulations using different energy sources. Furthermore, the role of solid surfaces, particularly minerals, might have been crucial to increase the complexity of the organic matter which may have led to the subsequent emergence of life on Earth. In this work, the radiolysis of urea in presence of a clay is studied to determine to what extent the mineral surfaces influence the decomposition of organics. The results indicate that urea is relatively stable to ionizing radiation in aqueous solutions and up to 20 kGy no decomposition is observed. Moreover, the presence of sodium montmorillonite, by a mechanism until now unknown, affects the radiolytic behavior and urea remains in the heterogeneous solution without a change in concentration even at very high doses (140 kGy). These results indicate that solids could have protected some organics, like urea, from degradation enabling them to remain in the environment on the primitive Earth.

Photocatalytic properties of Ru-doped titania prepared by homogeneous hydrolysis

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Houšková V., Štengl V., Bakardjieva S., Murafa N., Tyrpekl V.

Open Chemistry

2009

vol. 7

issue 2

259-266

Nanocrystalline titania particles doped with ruthenium oxide have been prepared by the homogenous hydrolysis of TiOSO4 in aqueous solutions in the presence of urea. The synthesized particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption was used for surface area (BET) and porosity determination (BJH). The photocatalytic activity of the Ru-doped titania samples were determined by photocatalytic decomposition of Orange II dye in an aqueous slurry during irradiation at 365 nm and 400 nm wavelengths. [...]

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2 Open Chemistry

1 2014

1 2009

1 Abigail E. Cruz-Hernández, A. E.

1 Bakardjieva S.

1 Colin-Garcia M.

1 Heredia-Barbero A.

1 Houšková V.

1 Murafa N.

1 Negron-Mendoza A.

1 Ramos-Bernal S.

1 Tyrpekl V.

1 Štengl V.

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Heterogeneous radiolysis of urea. Implications in astrobiology and prebiotic chemistry

Photocatalytic properties of Ru-doped titania prepared by homogeneous hydrolysis