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1

The application of monoclonal antibodies to medical treatment

100%
Kurpisz M.
Biotechnologia
|
1993
|
issue 2
105-120
EN
In this review contemporary trends in the application of monoclonal antibodies are presented. There is discussed antibody reengineering for humanization of mouse monoclonal antibodies to avoid anti-globulin reaction of patient. Recent modifications of antibody fragments are also outlined. The most common antigenic structures exposed to antibody attack are characterized. Some aspects of human monoclonal antibody production are briefly described. Three most promising therapeutic antibodies - bispecific antibodies, immunotoxins, and radiolabeled immunoconjugates - are presented.
2

Immunotherapeutic approaches in ocular inflammatory diseases

100%
Kurup S. K., Chan C.-C.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2005
|
vol. 53
|
issue 6
484-496
EN
This comprehensive review discusses immunotherapeutic approaches to ocular inflammatory diseases, updates information provided in the literature, and presents clinical experiences with an emphasis on autoimmune uveitis at the National Eye Institute, United States. Current medical and surgical therapeutic approaches, including medications such as corticosteroids, anti-metabolites, alkylating agents, calcineurin and purine synthesis inhibitors, biologics as well as some anti-infectious agents, are reviewed along with new modalities and experimental approaches. Most immunosuppressive therapies have significant adverse effects. Physicians must be familiar with the pharmacology of the available drugs and aware of the philosophies behind the treatment.
3

Personalised medicine and its role in new drugs development

100%
Schmitt C., Stencel D.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
|
issue 5
84-87
EN
Personalized medicine is coming step by step to real clinical practice. The new era is forthcoming, in which 'one size does not fit all'. The hopes and expectations predominantly are based on achievements of molecular biology. Close connection between therapy and corresponding diagnostic test can lead to better defining patients target groups. Moreover, biomarkers defining is becoming a new approach to therapy stratification. Viral, oncologic, inflammatory and metabolic diseases are the examples of Roche involvement in this strategic way of development.
4

Redox control of cellular function by thioredoxin; a new therapeutic direction in host defence

100%
Nishinaka Y., Nakamura H., Masutani H., Yodoi J.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 4
285-292
EN
Compelling evidence has suggested that oxidative stress mediates various cellular reponses, and control of reduction/oxidation (redox) is importan in maintaining the homeostatsis of an organism. The thioredoxin (TRX) system, along with as well as the glutathione system, is one of the key system in controling cellular redox statuts. TRX is a small ubiquitous protein with the redox-active site sequence -Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-. It has been demonstrated to be a multifunctional protein, which has regulatory roles in cellular signaling and gene transcription in addition to cytoprotective activities through the quenching of reactive oxygen species. Various oxidative stimuli, such as as UV irradiation, cytokines and some chemicals, promptly induce the xpression of TRX. Overexpression of TRX correlates with a wide variety of oxidative stress conditions and, in some cases, TRX has shown promising effects for clinical use, for instance in the attenuation of tissue injury in ischemia reperfusion models. The modulation of TRX functions in association with other redox-regulatory should give us a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of oxidative stress-mediated disorders and diseases.
5

Experimental anti-GBM nephritis as an analytical tool for studying spontaneous lupus nephritis

100%
Du Y., Fu Y., Mohan C.
|
|
issue 1
31-40
EN
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that results in immune-mediated damage to multiple organs. Among these, kidney involvement is the most common and fatal. Spontaneous lupus nephritis (SLN) in mouse models has provided valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of human lupus nephritis. However, SLN in mouse models takes 6?12 months to manifest; hence there is clearly the need for a mouse model that can be used to unveil the pathogenic processes that lead to immune nephritis over a shorter time frame. In this article more than 25 different molecules are reviewed that have been studied both in the anti-glomeruali basement membrane (anti-GBM) model and in SLN and it was found that these molecules influence both diseases in a parallel fashion, suggesting that the two disease settings share common molecular mechanisms. Based on these observations, the authors believe the experimental anti-GBM disease model might be one of the best tools currently available for uncovering the downstream molecular mechanisms leading to SLN.
6

The effects of the initial treatment phase and of adjunctive low-dose doxycycline therapy on clinical parameters and MMP-8, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 levels in the saliva and peripheral blood of patients with chronic periodontitis

100%
Gorska R., Nedzi-Gora M.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2006
|
vol. 54
|
issue 6
419-426
EN
Introduction: The treatment of periodontal disease can consist of bacterial plaque reduction, risk factor elimination, and metalloproteinase inhibitor medication. The level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are regulated by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) as well as therapeutic low-dose doxycycline. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the initial phase of periodontal treatment and the effect of doxycycline on clinical parameters and the MMP-8, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 concentrations in the saliva and peripheral blood of patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 33 patients with chronic periodontitis. Conventional periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing) was conducted on all the patients and doxycycline (20 mg orally) was administered twice daily for three months. Thirty-three controls received the conventional treatment only. Clinical scores (PI, BI, PD, CAL) were recorded before and three months after the treatment. MMP-8, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 concentrations in saliva and peripheral blood were measured by ELISA before and after the treatment of 20 patients from the study group and 13 of the controls.Results: The application of doxycycline 20 mg resulted in significant improvement in clinical parameters compared with the conventional periodontal treatment. Doxycycline did not produce significant reductions in MMP-8 and MMP-9 levels in saliva observed after the conventional treatment. The study revealed increases in the TIMP-1 concentration and the MMP-8/TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios in saliva and blood after treatment with doxycycline. Conclusions: The study confirmed the modulating effect of doxycycline on the host response in chronic periodontitis.
7

Personalized therapy of hepatotropic viruses in fection -the role of molecular biology

100%
Halota W.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
|
issue 5
27-32
EN
Molecular techniques have become regular in clinical practice, becoming the basic tool in diagnosing infections, analyzing their natural histories, as well as it has become a significant marker in choosing therapeutical procedures. Correlation was shown between HBV-DNA viral load and dynamics of clinical progression of HBV infection. The appearance of HBV-DNA in patients successfully treated, precedes other markers of the loss of therapeutical control. As a result, only routine, systematic viraemia monitoring in course of therapy and analysis of mutatating HBV appearance optimize therapeutic procedures. Results of the RNA quantitative examinations and genotypes in HCV infected are the basis for the length of therapy. They are routinely performed during the period of treatment to predict its efficiency (RVR, cEVR, pEVR, EOT and SVR).
8

Structure and function of in familial

100%
Boguslawski W.
|
EN
and of the in genetic disorder - familial is described as well as the structure of . General outline of therapy in FH is also described.
9

Cancer stem cells: the theory and perspectives in cancer therapy

100%
Gil J., Stembalska A., Pesz K. A., Sasiadek M. M.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2008
|
vol. 49
|
issue 2
193-199
EN
The cancer stem cell theory elucidates not only the issue of tumour initiation and development, tumour's ability to metastasise and reoccur, but also the ineffectiveness of conventional cancer therapy. This review examines stem cell properties, such as self-renewal, heterogeneity, and resistance to apoptosis. The ?niche' hypothesis is presented, and mechanisms of division, differentiation, self-renewal and signalling pathway regulation are explained. Epigenetic alterations and mutations of genes responsible for signal transmission may promote the formation of cancer stem cells. We also present the history of development of the cancer stem cell theory and discuss the experiments that led to the discovery and confirmation of the existence of cancer stem cells. Potential clinical applications are also considered, including therapeutic models aimed at selective elimination of cancer stem cells or induction of their proper differentiation.
10

Glutathione in therapy

100%
Winiarska K., Drozak J.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2002
|
vol. 56
|
issue 4
521-536
EN
It has been commonly accepted that oxidative stress is involved in pathogenesis of many serious and even lethal health disturbances, including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, alcoholic disease, viral and bacterial infections. In this paper we discuss the protective antioxidative role of glutathione, the predominant non-protein thiol in mammalian cells. We also emphasize the perspectives of glutathione therapy i.e. application of both cysteine and glutathione precursors.
11

miR-122 silencing a novel therapy for HCV infections?

100%
Tyczewska A., Bakowska-Zywicka K.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 3
29-35
EN
Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is one of major epidemiological, medical and social concerns in the modern world. In Poland, around 700 000 people have HCV, worldwide the number is as high as 200 million. Current treatment consists of pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin, but is limited by the resistance of the viral strains, adverse effects, and high costs. Since HCV infection is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, it is necessary to develop novel antiviral compounds with improved virological response and reduced toxicity. In this article, we describe the results of recent trials to fight the HCV infection using an antagonising miR-122 oligo-LNA probe in primates.
12

The role of caspases in apoptosis

88%
Smolewski P.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2003
|
vol. 57
|
issue 3
335-354
EN
Activation of caspases is the key event during apoptosis. Abnormalities of this phenomenon play an important role in the pathogenesis of several disorders and may have important clinical implications, including the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Currently, these problems are extensively investigated in several experimental and clinical studies.
13

Review the paradigms of causality and treatment for autoimmune disease

88%
Cohen I. R.
|
|
vol. 48
|
issue 5
325-330
EN
A key concept in medicine is that rational therapy rests on accurate diagnosis; quite simply, therapy that is not tuned to the cause of the disease will not cure the patient. I do not mean to say that effective treatments cannot emerge from faulty diagnoses. In truth, much of our therapeutic ensemble is composed of drugs developed as a result of chance observation, random, screening, intuition, or pre-scientific tradition. Nevertheless, the way to effective therapy is best paved by understanding. Effects are inherent in their causes; so if we want to cure autoimmune diseases using the scientific method, we are obliged to inquire into their causes. By reducing the discordant complexity of the disease to the single cause that underlies it, we can hope to learn the most efficient way to manipulate the disease process. How do we identify a cause when we see one? Quite simply, a single cause is that which is both necessary and sufficient to produce the effect. Here, I explore the general paradigm of autoimmune causality, using multiple sclerosis as a specific example.
14

Public perception of innovative therapies and biopharmaceuticals in Poland and Europe

88%
Szlichcinska J.
|
2007
|
issue 2
128-136
EN
Several reports and surveys of the perception of red biotechnology uses conducted in recent years show the complexity of European's attitude to innovative therapies which might be used in medicine. Polish people, as well as the rest of European nations in general, support the development of gene therapy or pharmacogenetics, whereas the issues of stem cells research and uses of genetic information are still under discussion. The results of various questionnaires prove that a rise of the optimism level in this matter is necessary. It occurred that in order to build public acceptability and confidence in biotechnology policy, it is crucial to ensure the society that moral and ethical aspects are taken into consideration.
15

Profiling of regulatory microRNA transcriptomes in various biological processes: a review

88%
Shah A. A., Meese E., Blin N.
|
|
vol. 51
|
issue 4
501-507
EN
A class of small, non-coding ribonucleic acids, termed microRNA (miRNA), has recently emerged as a new key player in the cellular control of gene expression. By either blocking translation or inducing target mRNA degradation, miRNA not only participates in regular biological processes within cells and tissues but is also involved in pathological processes. Many human malignancies have been linked to specific miRNA expression patterns, raising hopes for new approaches to therapy. While such human disease-related mechanisms have been widely discussed and frequently reviewed, miRNA's general significance in animals has been less in editorial focus, despite its obvious role in basic physiological processes, e.g. neurosensory maturation, development of fertility, and hibernation. Using selected examples, this review highlights our current knowledge of miRNA's potential and its promise as a new tool for gene regulation.
16

in chronic

75%
Drabczyk R., Grzeszczak W., Bruzgielewicz P.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1993
|
vol. 47
|
issue 1
1-17
EN
The paper presents the actual state of knowledge on of in chronic , their and influence of various therapeutic methods (continuous ambualtory peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, renal transplantation, erythropoietin therapy).
17

The biological role and potential therapeutic application of interleukin 7

75%
Krawczenko A., Kieda C., Dus D.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2005
|
vol. 53
|
issue 6
518-527
EN
Interleukin 7 (IL)-7 is a pleiotropic, non-redundant cytokine necessary for the development of B and T lymphocytes, in particular gamma delta T cell receptor-positive cell differentiation. The cytokine can function as a cofactor during myelopoiesis and the generation of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, can activate monocytes/macrophages, and support the survival of mature T cells. A role for IL-7 in promoting the formation of Peyer's patch anlage has also been demonstrated. IL-7 is constitutively expressed in the thymus, bone marrow stromal cells, epithelial and dendritic cells, keratinocytes, as well as in fetal and adult liver. IL-7 acts on various cells through its receptor (IL-7R), a heterodimer consisting of an alpha chain (CD127) that specifically binds IL-7 and a common c chain (CD132) shared by other cytokine receptors. The receptor is expressed on bone marrow progenitor cells, lymphoid T and B precursors, and mature T cells. IL-7 activity towards murine endothelial cells has been recently described. The presence of IL-7R on human endothelial cells has also been demonstrated. Several therapeutic applications of recombinant IL-7 have been proposed. These have focused on the enhancement of lymphopoiesis, promotion of stem cell engraftment, and the anti-tumor activity of the cytokine.
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