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1

Structure and function of T lymphocyte TCR/CD3 complex

100%
Bocko D., Frydecka I.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2003
|
vol. 57
|
issue 5
519-529
EN
The multichain T cell receptor/CD3 complex (TCR/CD3) plays a key role in antigen recognition, further T cell activation and in consequence in triggering an antigen specific immune response. This process is induced by direct interaction of the TCR receptor with an antigen bound to the major histocompatibile compex on antigen-presenting cells. Upon the structural and functional cooperation of TCR receptor with CD3 complex, the activating signal is transmitted through the cell membrane to the nucleus. The pivotal role in signaling cascade plays CD3-zeta () chain, which triggers many biochemical events and second messenger activation, leading to the transcriptional factors expression and further T cell proliferation, effector function augmentation and cytokine production.
2

The neonatal receptor Fc-gamma (FcRn) ? structure and function

100%
Mikulska J. E.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2001
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vol. 55
|
issue 4
487-511
EN
The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is named for the source from which it was first purified, the intestinal epithelium of neonatal rats. The human homologue of FcRn was first found in the placenta, where is presumably involved in transfer of maternal IgG to the fetus. FcRn has since been found in capillary endothelium, intestinal epithelium and other tissues. More recent data has indicated that FcRn has a function beyond the transfer of maternal IgG ? the maintenance of constant serum IgG levels. This review summarizes the status of our knowledge on the structure, expression and function of the neonatal Fc? receptor.
3

The structure of the ribosome-short history

100%
Bakowska-Zywicka K., Tyczewska A.
Biotechnologia
|
2009
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issue 1
99-103
EN
Ribosomes, which are ?the heart of the protein biosynthesis' have been the focus of structural studies for more than 50 years. The reconstitution of some of the morphological features of the ribosome was performed many years ago. In the past few years, high-resolution structures provided molecular details of different intermediates in ribosome-mediated translation. Together, these studies have revolutionized our understanding of the mechanism of protein biosynthesis. This success depended strictly on the advances in biochemical, biophysical and genetic studies and macromolecular crystallography that have been made during last decades.
4

Structure and ultrastructure of the egg capsule of Thermobia domestica (Packard) (Insecta, Zygentoma)

100%
Poprawa I., Rost M. M.
Folia Biologica
|
2004
|
vol. 52
|
issue 3-4
185-190
EN
Eggs of Thermobia domestica (Packard) were collected from a laboratory culture. They were prepared for analysis in light and electron microscopes (TEM, SEM). A few hours after oviposition the egg capsule starts to tarnish and changes its colour to brown. Polygonic shapes on its surface can be seen. The egg capsule consists of a thin vitelline envelope and the chorion. The chorion consists of a one-layered endochorion and a three-layered exochorion. There are minor and major mushroom-like structures placed on the surface of the chorion. Their function is proposed. One micropyle is observed on the anterior pole of the egg. The micropylar opening is formed on the process of a follicular cell.
5

Bacteriocins ? properties and antimicrobial activity

100%
Gwiazdowsk D., Trojanowska K.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 1
114-130
EN
Bacteriocins are heterogeneous group of ribosomally synthesized proteins or peptides produced by different bacteria that kill or inhibit growth of other bacteria. The interest in bacteriocins results from their potential application as biopreservatives in food to inhibit the growth of spoilage or pathogen bacteria In this paper identification of these metabolites and their physical and biochemical properties, including spectrum of activity, terms of size, amino acid sequence, modes of action and immunity mechanisms are presented.
6

Components and three-dimensional conformation of basement membrane

100%
Sapilak B. J., Steciwko A.
|
EN
This article presents the latest information about biological functions of basement membranes. It describes all important basement membranes? components and their structure. Schemes showing modular sequence of collagens, nidogen, llaminins and other polypeptides and also structural model of basement membranes were included.
7

NOTCH1 receptor: structure and role during T-cell development

100%
Gidzinska B.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2003
|
vol. 57
|
issue 4
369-376
EN
The Notch family are proteins which function both as cell surface receptors and regulators of gene transcription. Notch proteins influence cell-fate decisions during lymphopoesis, neurogenesis and myogenesis. During lymphopoesis Notch1 is implicated in differentiation of lymphoid precursor CLP towards T-cells but not B-cells lineage. In spite of earlier results suggesting involvement of Notch1 in commitment towards alpha beta and gamm a delta or CD4 and CD8 T cell lineage, later experiments didn?t confirm this possibility.
8

Dopamine receptors: structure, characterization and functions

100%
Zawilska J. B.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2003
|
vol. 57
|
issue 3
293-322
EN
Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter/neuromodulator that plays various functions within the body. In the central nervous system, DA is involved in the control of locomotion, cognition, emotion, neuroendocrine secretion and function of retinal cells. In the periphery, DA participates in the regulation of homeostasis, vascular tone and hormone secretion. The diverse physiological functions of DA are mediated by at least five distinct membrane bound receptors, i.e. D1 and D5 -members of D1 family, and D2, D3, D4 ? members of D2 family of DA receptors. All DA receptors belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. This survey summarizes current knowledge on the molecular and pharmacological characterization of DA receptors, their role in the regulation of various processes in an organism, and involvement in the therapy of several disorders, in particular in the treatment of Parkinson?s disease, schizophrenia, and hypertension.
9

Structure of the O-polysaccharide of Proteus mirabilis O19 and reclassification of certain Proteus strains that were formerly classified in serogroup O19

88%
Perepelov A. V., Rozalski A., Bartodziejska B., Senchenkova S. N., Knirel Y. A.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2004
|
vol. 52
|
issue 3
188-196
EN
Bacteria of the genus Proteus are a common cause of urinary tract infections. The O-polysaccharide chain of their LPS (O-antigen) defines the serological specificity of these bacteria. Based on the immunospecificity of the O-antigens, two species, P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris, were classified into 49 O-serogroups, and more O-serogroups for strains of these species and P. penneri have been subsequently proposed. The lipopolysaccharide of P. mirabilis CCUG 19011 from serogroup O19 was degraded and under mildly acidic and mildly alkaline conditions. Polysaccharides thus obtained were studied by chemical methods, including O-deacetylation, sugar and methylation analyses, and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Antisera were obtained by immunization of New Zealand white rabbits with heat-killed bacteria. In serological studies, enzyme immunosorbent assay, passive hemolysis test, and inhibition of passive hemolysis were used.The following structure of the O-polysaccharide repeating unit was established. ->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1->3)alpha-D-GalpNAc4,6(R-Pyr)-(1->4)-alpha-D-GalpA-(1->3)-alpha-L-Rhap2Ac-(1-> where R-Pyr is (R)-1-carboxyethylidene (an acetal-linked pyruvic acid). This structure is significantly different from the O-polysaccharide structures of P. vulgaris, P. hauseri and P. penneri strains from the same Proteus serogroup O19. Conclusions: Based on immunochemical studies of the lipopolysaccharides, it is suggested 1) to keep P. vulgaris CCUG 4654 and P. penneri 31 in serogroup O19 as two subgroups, 2) to reclassify P. mirabilis CCUG 19011 into a new Proteus serogroup, O51, and 3) to classify serologically related strains, including P. vulgaris ATCC 49990, P. hauseri 1732-80 and 1086-80, P. penneri 15, and some other P. penneri strains, in yet another Proteus serogroup, O52. This structure is significantly different from the O-polysaccharide structures of P. vulgaris, P. hauseri and P. penneri strains from the same Proteus serogroup O19. Based on immunochemical studies of the lipopolysaccharides, it is suggested 1) to keep P. vulgaris CCUG 4654 and P. penneri 31 in serogroup O19 as two subgroups, 2) to reclassify P. mirabilis CCUG 19011 into a new Proteus serogroup, O51, and 3) to classify serologically related strains, including P. vulgaris ATCC 49990, P. hauseri 1732-80 and 1086-80, P. penneri 15, and some other P. penneri strains, in yet another Proteus serogroup, O52.
10

Human gastrointestinal tract mucins encoded by the MUC gene family

88%
Paszkiewicz-Gadek A., Porowska H.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2000
|
vol. 54
|
issue 2
183-198
EN
Epithelial mucins, MUC gene products, are widely expressed in human organs such as airwais, the urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts, and the eyes. MUC-type mucins have very large sizes and comlex structures with very extensive O-glycosylation and are regarded as protective molecules. The aim of this review is to discuss mucin glycoproteins structure, biosynthesis and functions in normal and pathologicaly altered epithelial mucosa of human gastrointestinal tract.
11

Immunochemical studies on the O-antigens of Proteus mirabilis O23 and Proteus vulgaris O23

88%
Rozalski A., Perepelov A. V., Bartodziejska B., Senchenkova S. N., Babicka D., Kaca W., Knirel Y. A.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2003
|
vol. 51
|
issue 1
69-73
EN
Analysis by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy demonstrated that the O-specific polysaccharides of P. mirabilis PrK 42/57 and P. vulgaris PrK 43/57 are structurally similar to that of P. vulgaris PrK 44/57 and different from the polysaccharide of P. mirabilis PrK 41/57 studied earlier. The lipopolysaccharides of these strains were tested using enzyme immunosorbent assay, passive hemolysis and Western blot with O-antisera against P. mirabilis 42/57 and P. vulgaris 43/57 and 44/57, as well as with cross-absorbed O-antisera. The chemical and serological data revealed the basis for combining the four strains into Proteus serogroup O23 and division of this serogroup to three subgroups, one for P. vulgaris 43/57 and 44/57 and two others for P. mirabilis 41/57 and 42/57.
12

- new AA-derived molecules

88%
Stajszczyk M., Gaminski J.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1993
|
vol. 47
|
issue 2
133-145
EN
The paper deals with the current state of knowledge on . The , multiple biosynthesis pathways, possible mechanisms of action, and participation of lipoxins in are characterised.
13

Functions of the HC-Pro proteins encoded by plant viruses from the family Potyviridae

88%
Syller J.
|
2007
|
issue 4
140-156
EN
The helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) encoded by plant viruses representing the genus Potyvirus (family Potyviridae) is involved in several important viral life processes, including aphid transmission, systemic movement and suppression of post-transcriptional gene silencing. Some of the viruses belonging to the family of the genera Ipomovirus, Rymovirus and Tritimovirus have been demonstrated to produce HC-Pro homologues that are likely to be engaged in vector transmission of these viruses alone. In this paper, the current knowledge of the structure, main functions and molecular mechanisms of the HC-Pro proteins encoded by viruses from the family Potyviridae is presented.
14

Lipoprotein (a) ? structure, features, physiological and pathological significance

88%
Murawska-Cialowicz E., Poplawska A.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
2003
|
vol. 57
|
issue 3
323-333
EN
The data on the structure and the role of lipoprotein (a) were presented. It posses plasminogene and lipoproteins elements in its structure. Up to now it is not well known the physiological role of lipoprotein (a). There are many proofs in the literature that lipoprotein (a) is an independent coronary risk factor. It is also known as an acute phase protein.
15

Structures and serology of the O-antigens of Proteus strains classified into serogroup O17 and former serogroup O35

75%
Torzewska A., Grabowski S., Kondakova A. N., Toukach F. V., Senchenkova S. N., Shashkov A. S., Arbatsky N. P., Knirel Y. A., Rozalski A., Kaca W.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2006
|
vol. 54
|
issue 4
277-282
EN
Introduction: Bacteria of the genus Proteus are facultative pathogens which commonly cause urinary tract infections. Based on the serological specificity of the O-chain polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide (O-polysaccharide, O-antigen), strains of P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris have been classified into 60 serogroups. Studies on the chemical structure and serological specificity of the O-antigens aim at the elucidation of the molecular basis and improvement of the serological classification of these bacteria. Materials and Methods: The O-polysaccharide was prepared by acetic acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide isolated from dried bacterial mass of each strain by hot phenol/water extraction. 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy was used for structural studies. Serological studies were performed with rabbit O-antisera using enzyme immunosorbent assay, passive hemolysis test, and the inhibition of reactions in these assays as well DOC-PAGE and Western blot. Results: Four Proteus strains belonging to serogroups O17 and O35 were found to possess similar O-polysaccharide structures, in particular having the same carbohydrate backbone built up of tetrasaccharide repeating units. However, they differ in the presence or absence of additional substituents, such as phosphoethanolamine in P. mirabilis O17 and glucose in P. penneri O17, as well as in the pattern and degree of O-acetylation of various monosaccharide residues. Serological studies also showed close relationships between the O-antigens studied. Conclusions: Based on these data it is proposed to reclassify strain P. mirabilis PrK 61/57, formerly representing the O35 serogroup, into the serogroup O17 in the Kauffman-Perch classification system of Proteus.
16

Structure, matabolism, biological function and clinical role of endothelins

75%
Kotyla P., Sliwinska-Kotyla B., Kucharz E. J.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
|
1993
|
vol. 47
|
issue 5
345-364
17

Structure, function, and polymorphism of the growth hormone receptor gene in humans and in animals

75%
Maj A., Zwierzchowski L.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 1
85-107
EN
Growth hormone (GH) plays a central role in the regulation of growth and metabolism in animals and in humans. At the tissue levels, the pleiotropic actions of GH are mediated through their cell-surface receptor - GHR. The GHR belongs to the hematopoietic receptor superfamily. In mammals, GHR is the product of a single gene. In all studied, species GHR gene characterizes a complex structure of exon 1, coding for the 5'-untraslated region (5'-UTR). Several transcripts from the GHR gene were found differing by the presence of various length 5'-UTRs, resulting from the alternative splicing of the exon 1 fragments to a common splice site located 11-bp in the human and in bovine GHR gene exon 2. Numerous nucleotide sequence polymorphisms were found in the human GHR gene; some of them, those associated to GH resistance, were identified as the causative mutations of growth retardation, e.g. Laron's syndrome. In farm animals, genes coding for GH and GHR are obvious candidates for quantitative trait markers. Several polymorphic sites have been identified in the bovine GHR gene. At least in two cases, an association was reported between GHR gene polymorphism and performance traits. Detection of additional polymorphisms is necessary to help investigating the role of GHR variation in the production traits of the cattle. This article includes a review of literature on structure, function and polymorphism within GHR gene. Also, there are mentioned new data concerning the polymorphism recently identified by authors in the bovine GHR gene.
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