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Local and systemic immune responses in gingivitis and periodontitis

100%
Zekonis G., Barzdziukaite I., Zekonis J., Sadzeviciene R., Simonyte S., Zilinskas J.
Open Medicine
|
2014
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vol. 9
|
issue 5
694-703
2
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Cytokine production by leukocytes in patients with periodontitis

100%
Sakalauskiene J., Giedrimiene D., Kubilius R., Gleiznys A., Vitkauskiene A., Ivanauskiene E., Puskunigyte K.
Open Medicine
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2014
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vol. 9
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issue 6
821-829
EN
In the present study, we investigated the relation between clinical parameters and levels of interleukin (IL) -4 and -5, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the leukocyte incubation medium (LIM) obtained from 26 patients with chronic periodontitis (P) and 26 control group subjects (C). The levels of cytokines IL-4 and IL -5 produced by the LIM stimulated with non-opsonised E. coli were determined using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method and the levels of TNF-α were evaluated by applying Enzyme Amplified Sensitivity Immunoassay (EASIA). TNF-α levels in stimulated LIM were strongly positively correlated with clinical parameters such as the pocket probing depths (PPD), the clinical attachment level (CAL), the bleeding on probing (BOP) and oral hygiene index (OHI), whereas the IL-4 and IL-5 levels in the analogous medium were strongly negatively correlated with the clinical parameters. IL-4 and IL-5 levels in stimulated LIM of P group patients were significantly lower, whereas TNF-α levels were significantly higher than that in analogous medium of C group subjects. These differences were associated with the severity of periodontal disease.
3
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Tabacco use in smokeless and smoking forms and its effect on periodontal health in India

88%
Jacob V., Vellappally S., Smejkalova J., Rajkumar K., Cermakova E., Fiala Z., Somanathan R., Shriharsha P.
Open Medicine
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2008
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vol. 3
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issue 1
97-104
EN
The aim of the present study was to establish the relationship between tobacco use and periodontal health in an adult sample in India. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in a province of southern India. A total of 805 subjects between the ages of 30 and 69 years were interviewed, and clinical examinations were made by three cooperating dentists. The examiners recorded oral mucosal findings, gingivitis, and the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs index using a WHO-621 Trinity probe. Among the 805 participants, 72% were males and 28% were females. Among regular smokers, 98% were males and 2% were females. In the studied population, 64.6% visited the dentist only when they had some dental problems. Oral mucosal findings were present more in of the regular smokers and chewing tobacco users than in the non-consumers. The maximum findings from six sextants indicate that non-consumers exhibited higher rates of healthy periodontium and bleeding on probing but lower rates of pockets than tobacco consumers. The present analysis shows that tobacco use exerts a strong and chronic effect on periodontium and oral mucosa and reduces bleeding on probing.
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