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Cerebellar abnormality in autism: a nonspecific effect of early brain damage

100%
Ciesielski K. T., Knight J. E.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1994
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vol. 54
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issue 2
151-154
2

Assessment of selected costimulatory, adhesion, and activatory molecules and cytokines of Th1/Th2 balance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children

88%
Luczynski W., Stasiak-Barmuta A., Krawczuk-Rybak M., Malinowska I.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2005
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vol. 53
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issue 4
357-363
EN
Recent years have seen a rise in the importance of cytokine production and co-stimulatory/activatory molecule expression in the immune response in leukemia. The aim of our study was to assess the function of T lymphocytes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during remission induction based on selected cytokine and co-stimulatory/activatory molecule expression. The study group consisted of 50 children with ALL (B cell precursor). Peripheral blood samples were taken before treatment (day 0), after the prednisone prophase (day 8), and during (day 15) and after (day 33) remission induction. The percentages of T cells with interferon (IFN)-g (Th1), interleukin (IL)-4 (Th2) and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R), CD28, CTLA-4, CD38, ICAM-1, and HLA-DR expression were assessed by tricolor flow cytometry. At the time of diagnosis we noted higher percentages of T cells with adhesion molecule ICAM-1, activation molecule CD38 expression, and an increased population of Th2 cells (IL-4) compared with the control group. During and after remission induction we observed a decreased population of CD38+ T cells, elevated percentages of helper T lymphocytes with IL-2R expression, and a rise in helper T lymphocytes producing IFN-g (Th1). During fever/infection, higher levels of activated T lymphocytes (CD4+HLA-DR+, CD8+HLA-DR+), a rise in Th1, and no change in Th2 populations were observed. The results suggest T cell activation and Th2 predominance at the time of diagnosis and during remission induction in ALL in children. These results confirm the involvement of cellular immunity in the leukemic process and can be used in immune therapy in leukemia.
3

Thalidomide increases in vitro sensitivity of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to prednisolone and cytarabine

75%
Czyzewski K., Zaborowska A., Styczynski J.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
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2006
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vol. 54
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issue 5
341-345
EN
Introduction: Thalidomide is a derivative of glutamic acid with anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-cancer properties that was found to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor in vitro, stimulate reactive oxygen species production, and inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in acute leukemias. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro activity of thalidomide as a single agent and in combination with prednisolone or cytarabine in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Materials and Methods: Bone marrow samples of 40 childhood ALL patients, normal lymphocytes of 9 healthy adults, and 3 lymphoid cell lines were evaluated for cytotoxicity of thalidomide (alone and in combination with prednisolone and cytarabine) using the MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Results: Thalidomide as a single agent had weak antileukemic activity to the childhood ALL samples. However, in the presence of thalidomide the cytotoxicities of prednisolone and cytarabine were increased 3.3-fold (p<0.001) and 2.7-fold (p=0.002), respectively. Thalidomide increased apoptosis in lymphoblasts and modulated the cell-cycle arrest caused by prednisolone, but not that by cytarabine, in childhood ALL samples. Conclusions: Thalidomide increases in vitro the sensitivity of childhood ALL cells to prednisolone and cytarabine.
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