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1

The levels of IL-1beta, IL-4 and IL-6 in the serum and the liver tissue of chronic HCV-infected patients

100%
Lapinski T. W.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
vol. 49
|
issue 4
311-316
EN
The pro-inflammatory interleukines play a major role in the progress of chronic hepatitis C. Among the patients with chronic HCV infection, the morphology of the liver was assessed and the levels of serum and liver-tissue IL-1beta, IL-4 and IL-6 were determined. The levels of the cytokines were related to the liver tissue changes. RNA-HCV was measured by the RT-PCR method. Cytokine levels of the serum and liver tissue were measured by the Quantikine High Sensitivity test. The levels of serum IL-1beta, IL-4 and IL-6 (0.221, 0.104 and 1.393 pg/ml) in all HCV patients were higher in comparison with healthy adults (0.188, 0.025 and 0.600 pg/ml). The levels of liver tissue IL-1beta, IL-4 and IL-6 (4291.3, p<0.05; 1624.6, p<0.05; 1158.7 pg/g protein) in all HCV patients were higher compared to the patients with liver cirrhosis without HBV or HCV infection (2319.9, 553.6 and 756.2 pg/g protein). Patients with HCV infection demonstrated significant correlation between serum and liver-tissue levels of IL-1beta (Pearson: 0.61, p<0.05) and IL-4 (Pearson: 0.51). The level of serum IL-6 in patients with moderate chronic active hepatitis was higher when compared to the patients with mild chronic persistent hepatitis. Among the patients with mild chronic persistent hepatitis, the levels of liver tissue IL-6 were higher compared with those with moderate chronic active hepatitis. There was no correlation between histology changes and the levels of serum and liver-tissue IL-1beta and IL-4.
2

A study of the anatomy, histology and ultrastructure of the digestive tract of Orthrias angorae Steindachner, 1897

88%
Suicmez M., Ulus E.
Folia Biologica
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2005
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vol. 53
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issue 1-2
95-100
EN
The anatomy, histology and ultrastructure of the digestive tract of Orthrias angorae (Steindachner, 1897) were investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The histological structure consists of four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. The esophageal mucosa consists of undifferentiated basal epithelial cells, mucous cells and surface epithelial cells. It was observed that the J-shaped stomach had a meshwork of folds in the cardiac region, and longitudinal folds in the fundic and pyloric regions. A single layer of columnar cells, PAS positive only in their apical portions, forms the epithelium. The convoluted tube-shape intestine is lined by simple columnar epithelial cells, which have microvilli at the apical surface. The wall of the esophagus and stomach are thicker than that of the intestine because of the thick muscle layer. There were numerous goblet cells in the intestine. There were numerous gastric glands in the submucosa layer of the cardiac stomach, but none were present in the pyloric region of the stomach. There were no pyloric caeca between the stomach and intestine. The enterocytes with microvilli contained rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and rounded bodies, and the gastric cells contained a well-developed Golgi apparatus.
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