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1

Isozyme polymorphism and genetic structure of the population of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz from the Bytyn Forest (Poland)

100%
Bednorz L., Myczko L., Kosinski P.
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issue 3
321-324
EN
Dormant buds collected from 35 wild service trees (Sorbus torminalis) in the Bytyn Forest were tested with horizontal gel electrophoresis to assess the genetic structure of the population. Among 16 investigated isozyme loci, seven loci (ADH-A, 6PGD-A, GDH-B, ME-A, SOD-A, PGM-A, PGM-B) proved to be polymorphic, whereas the other nine loci (SDH-A, SDH-B, DIA-C, DIA-D, FLE-A, FLE-B, GOT-B, IDH-A, IDH-B) were monomorphic. The number of alleles per polymorphic locus ranged from two to three, with a mean of 2.29. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.2665 and 0.3462, respectively. The combined FIS value over all polymorphic loci was 0.2179, which reflects a substantial deficit of heterozygotes. Two polymorphic loci (SOD-A, PGM-A) were identified in S. torminalis for the first time.
2

Genetic variability among beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) populations from the Sudety Mountains, in respect of peroxidase and malate dehydrogenase loci

100%
Krzakowa M., Matras J.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2005
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vol. 46
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issue 3
271-277
EN
Individual trees growing in five populations of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the Sudety Mountains were investigated in respect of variability of peroxidases (2 loci) and malate dehydrogenase (1 locus). Differences between populations were illustrated by a dendrogram constructed on the basis of Hedrick's (1974) genetic distances. The mean GST coefficient (=0.0333) value demonstrated the higher level of intra-population variability, as compared to the inter-population (DST = 0.0149) variability.
3

Allozyme differentiation in some European populations of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L.

100%
Prus-Glowacki W., Urbaniak L., Zubrowska-Gil M.
Genetica Polonica
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1993
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vol. 34
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issue 2
159-176
EN
variation was studied in 17 populations of Pinus sylvestris from Northern and East-Central Europe. Populations from Scandinavia, northern Poland, Holand and Belgium are more heterozygotic, more polymorphic as far as genotypes are concerned; they also have a higher number of alleles per locus. The populations are in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium as can be judged from fixation indices. Genetic differentiation between populations (GST) in the studied group is low (2.3%). Populations from Norway, Finland, northern Poland, Germany and Holland form one genetically similar but heterogenic group. A population from Scotland is connected with this group. Populations from Latvia, Lithuania and Ukraine constitue the second group. The remaining populations show a varying degree of genetic similarity to the latter group.
4

Distribution and genetic diversity of the terrestrial slugs Arion lusitanicus Mabille, 1868 and Arion rufus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Poland based on mitochondrial DNA

88%
Soroka M., Kozlowski J., Wiktor A., Kaluski T.
Folia Biologica
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2009
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vol. 57
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issue 1-2
71-81
EN
The slugs Arion lusitanicus and Arion rufus inhabit ecologically degraded areas and are serious vegetation pests. In recent years, new localities of these species have been found in various parts of Poland. Here we study themorphology of 90 specimens from9 populations of slugs. The morphology of the genital system allowed for the identification of 60 A. lusitanicus specimens from 6 populations and 30 A. rufus individuals from another 3 localities. In order to describe their genetic diversity at the level of the individual, population, and species, we compared sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene. The morphological analysis revealed that each of the studied populations comprised a single species, which was also confirmed by the molecular assay.We obtained 674-bp sequences of the cox1 gene for each species that showed a total of eight haplotypes. The genetic diversity of A. lusitanicus individuals ranged from 0.5% to 2.1%, whereas that of A. rufus was twice as low: 0.4-1.0%. The difference between the two species within the cox1 gene was at the level of 12%. Three A. lusitanicus and two A. rufus populations were found to be monomorphic. Large inter-population variability was found within each of the studied species, which suggests that the Polish populations of A. lusitanicus may have originated from repeated, separate introductions arriving from various parts of Europe.
5

Different patterns of genetic structure of relict and isolated populations of endangered peat-bog pine (Pinus uliginosa Neumann)

88%
Wachowiak W., Prus-Glowacki W.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2009
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vol. 50
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issue 4
329-339
EN
Recent changes in environmental conditions in populations of peat-bog pine (Pinus uliginosa Neumann) caused rapid decline or even extinction of the species in several stands in Central Europe. Conservation strategies for P. uliginosa require information about the evolutionary history and genetic structure of its populations. Using isozymes we assessed the genetic structure of P. uliginosa from four isolated stands in Poland and compared the results to genetic structures of other closely related pine species including eight populations of Pinus mugo, ten of Pinus sylvestris and one of Pinus uncinata. The level of genetic variability of P. uliginosa measured by the mean number of alleles per locus and average heterozygosity was similar to others related to P. uliginosa taxa from the reference group but it differs among populations. High genetic similarity was found between two populations of P. uliginosa from Low Silesian Pinewood. The populations were genetically distinct as compared to other populations including locus classicus of the species from the peat bog at Batorow Reserve. Very low genetic distance (DN = 0.002) and small genetic differentiation (GST = 0.003) were found between P. uliginosa and P. mugo in the sympatric populations of the species from Zieleniec peat bog suggesting the ongoing natural hybridisation and genetic contamination of peat-bog pine from this area. Some evidence for skew in allele frequency distribution potentially due to recent bottleneck was found in population from Low Silesian Pinewood. The analysed open pollinated progeny derived from two P. uliginosa stands from Low Silesian Pinewood showed the excess of homozygotes as compared to the maternal trees indicating high level of inbreeding (F = 0.105, F = 0.081). The results are discussed in the context of evolution of P. uliginosa populations, taxonomic relationships between the analysed species and conservation strategies for active protection of peat-bog pine.
6

Effects of heavy metal pollution on genetic variation and cytological disturbances in the Pinus sylvestris L. population

75%
Prus-Glowacki W., Chudzinska E., Wojnicka-Poltorak A., Kozacki L., Fagiewicz K.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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2006
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vol. 47
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issue 2
99-108
EN
This isoenzymatic and cytogenetic study has shown significant differences in genetic composition between two groups of Pinus sylvestris trees: tolerant and sensitive to heavy metal pollution. Total and mean numbers of alleles and genotypes per locus were higher in the pollution-sensitive group of trees, but heterozygosity (Ho) was lower in this group. Fixation index (F) indicates that trees tolerant for pollution were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, while the sensitive group had a significant excess of homozygosity. Cytological analyses demonstrated numerous aberrations of chromosomes in meristematic root tissue of seedlings developed from seeds collected from trees in the polluted area. The aberrations included chromosome bridges and stickiness, laggards, retarded and forward chromosomes, and their fragments. The mitotic index was markedly lower in this group of seedlings, as compared to the control. Both isoenzymatic and cytological analyses showed a significant influence of heavy metal ions on the genetic structure of the Pinus sylvestris population.
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