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Biogas Production from Sustainable Feedstock as a Green Renewable Energy: A Review

100%
Permana R., Andhikawati A.
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vol. 44
138-149
EN
In order to meet the growing demand for energy and to reduce the dependency on non-renewable energy sources, a renewable alternative energy source is needed. For decades, the development of renewable energy has been performed to meet a qualified source for alternative energy, including biomass, solar, geothermal, hydropower, sea and wind. One of promising form of renewable energy is biogas because it can be derived from evergreen feedstock that available widely. It even can use animal waste, agricultural waste, industrial waste, food waste as it raw materials, thus supporting clean and sustainable energy. Biogas is a form of gaseous bioenergy produced from the decomposition of organic matter or biomass by methanogenic bacteria in an anaerobic system. Research has been conducted to find the best raw materials as the source for biogas production. Here we will discuss type of natural feedstock that have been used as the raw materials for biogas production. Several type of raw materials including natural feedstock and waste were discussed to give a glimpse of sustainability in the generation of this biogas energy.
2
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Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste for the Production of Biogas in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

100%
Akpan J. F., Isong I. A., Asikong E. B. E.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2019
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vol. 24
9-21
EN
The quest for environment friendly means of waste management has prompted studies on technologies for treatment of municipal organic wastes. Among these is anaerobic digestion. This research was thus conducted to assess the potential of fruit wastes; Watermelon (Citrus lanatus) peel (W), Pawpaw (Carica papaya) peel (P), Banana (Musa acuminata Cv. AAA group) peel (B) and Cow dung (C) for the production of biogas through anaerobic digestion processes. The production of biogas was carried out in single, double and multiple substrates combinations at 13 kg, 6.5kg and 3.25 kg, respectively, per substrate. The substrates were digested anaerobically in 60-liter digesters for 45 days. The treatment comprised of 11 substrates and water as control. The result indicated that the moisture content ranged from 82.0 to 93.0% and the pH of wastes ranged from 4.9-8.3, with a majority of the substrates falling between 6.0-7.1. Treatment W+C+P+B produced the highest biogas (49.4 ml) at 45 days of digestion. This was followed by treatment W+C and W+B - which were 24 and 23.4 ml, respectively. Treatment B and C+B had the lowest methane yield of 2.2 and 7.6 ml, respectively. The combination of W+C+P+B (8.4) and C+B (6.7%) had the highest values of nitrogen content, while W+C (11%) and C+P (1.4%) had the lowest values. The mineral contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in most cases were higher than those obtained before digestion. Hence, Fruit waste (W+C+P+B) was the most suitable substrate for producing biogas and bio-fertilizer. Moreover, the values of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the digestate indicate that it will be a good source of fertilizer for crop production.
3
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Syngas production by biogas reforming over the Co-based multicomponent catalysts

88%
Itkulova S., Zakumbaeva G., Mukazhanova A., Nurmakanov Y.
Open Chemistry
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2014
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vol. 12
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issue 12
1255-1261
EN
The new multicomponent Co-based catalysts with additives of group 8 metal and rare earth elements and supported on alumina have been tested in the dry and steam conversion of a model biogas. The processes were carried out in a flow quartz reactor under the following conditions: atmospheric pressure, a gas hourly space velocity of 1000 h−1 and temperatures of 300–800°C. The catalysts were characterised using electron microscopy, BET and X-ray analysis. The methane is almost completely converted in the dry reforming of biogas at T≤800°C. Synthesis gas with a ratio of H2/CO>1.0 is a main product of biogas reforming over the multicomponent catalysts studied. Adding steam in a feed composition increases both the methane conversion and the hydrogen yield at lower temperatures. Almost complete methane conversion occurs at T<750°C in the steam reforming of biogas. The catalysts are highly effective and exhibit stable activity throughout 100 h of continuous testing.
4
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Treatment of milk wastewater using up-flow anaerobic packed bed reactor

88%
Bhuyar K. D., Suke S. G., Dawande S. D.
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EN
An up-flow anaerobic packed bed (UAPB) bioreactor has been designed on a laboratory-scale and used for treatment of domestic milk wastewater (MWW). The UAPB bioreactor was operated under mesophilic temperature (37-45°C) and reactor performance evaluated at various organic loading rates of MWW effluent at hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 1, 2, and 3 d based on the removal of organic matter COD, BOD, SS, pH changes and biogas production. The kinetic parameters were estimated using the experimental data to develop a reactor model. Empirical relations were generated for the characteristics like COD, BOD, and SS using modeling equations. This study proved that the UAPB reactor performance is excellent for treating domestic MWW and easily biodegradable dairy wastewater influent. Hence, this system can operate at low costs, making it suited for use in the developing countries and rural areas.
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