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Biomedical Application of Soft X-ray Microscopy with Special Reference to Spectromicroscopy

100%
Ito A., Inoue T., Kado M., Ohigashi T., Tone S., Shinohara K.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 129
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issue 2
260-263
EN
Soft X-ray microscopy has great advantages over other types of microscopy on the observation of hydrated specimens at high spatial resolution below 100 nm, and on the elemental and molecular mapping using absorption characteristics. These advantages are particularly suitable for biomedical applications. A possible problem associated with observation of specimens at high spatial resolution in a hydrated environment is described and a strategy to overcome the problem is presented. The latter part of the present report deals with spectromicroscopy to obtain molecular distribution in biological specimens. DNA and protein distributions in isolated nuclei are examined following to the progression of apoptosis at high resolution, and the oxidation product is visualized in human hair in relation to calcium content.
2
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Applications of the Cracow X-Ray Microprobe in Tomography

63%
Bielecki J., Bożek S., Lekki J., Stachura Z., Kwiatek W.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2009
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vol. 115
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issue 2
537-541
EN
A nuclear microprobe at the IFJ PAN in Cracow has found numerous applications in different fields of research, mostly in biophysics, medical sciences, geology, and material research. In order to extend the research possibilities, a new X-ray microprobe was constructed. This new microprobe consists of three experimental lines dedicated to: (i) X-ray irradiation of biological specimens, (ii) elemental analysis of samples by micro X-ray fluorescence or total reflection X-ray fluorescence methods and (iii) computer microtomography. In this paper the computer microtomography line was described. The line consists of an open type Hamamatsu L9191 X-ray tube with microfocusing to about 2 μm, a high resolution X-ray sensitive CCD camera, and a precise goniometer composed of six piezoelectric motors. Depending on the required X-ray energy, the Hamamatsu tube is used with Ti, Mo, Ag, or W targets. A small focus size and short focus-to-object distance enable to obtain images of samples with a magnification of more than 1000× and resolution of the order of 2 μm. The computer microtomography measurements are carried out using home developed codes combined with commercial software. Details of the microprobe construction and preliminary results of the computer microtomography experiments are presented.
3
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Biomedical Applications of Synchrotron X-Ray Fluorescence

51%
Kwiatek W. M.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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1994
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vol. 86
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issue 5
695-703
EN
Since the exact role of trace elements in living organisms is still not very well known, it is a need of a careful analysis and study on trace element distributions in various biomedical materials. The conventional techniques such as X-ray fluorescence, proton-induced X-ray emission, atomic absorption spectrophotometry do not always give precise determination, especially in microstructures areas. Since synchrotron radiation is very powerful and gives the opportunity to work with micro-beams the synchrotron radiation induced X-ray emission technique has been recently developed. Due to many properties of synchrotron radiation it becomes a very useful tool in science. In this paper a characterization of different apparatus for a trace element analysis as well as several applications are described to show the usefulness of the synchrotron radiation induced X-ray emission.
4
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Scanning X-ray Microscopy with a Single Photon Counting 2D Detector

51%
Stachnik K., Meents A.
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vol. 125
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issue 4
902-906
EN
The experimental application of a novel technique utilizing a high resolution 2D pixel detector (PILATUS) in scanning transmission X-ray microscopy is presented. Measurements were performed at beamline P11 at the PETRA III synchrotron light source. Results are compared to the approach based on a segmented-type detector. A full simulation of the experimental line has been implemented in C++ programming language. Concepts of ptychography and its application in X-ray microscopy are also briefly discussed.
5
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Synchrotron Radiation in Biology and Medicine

51%
Pełka J.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2008
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vol. 114
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issue 2
309-329
EN
This work is focused on a present status of synchrotron radiation X-ray applications in medicine and biology to imaging, diagnostics, and radiotherapy. Properties of X-ray beams generated by synchrotron sources are compared with radiation produced by classical laboratory X-ray tubes. A list of operating and planned synchrotron facilities applicable to biomedical purposes is given, together with their basic characteristics. A concise overview of typical X-ray synchrotron techniques in biology and medicine is carried out with discussion of their specific properties and examples of typical results.
6
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Bivalve Characterization Using Synchrotron Micro X-Ray Fluorescence

51%
Jones K., Bronson S., Brink P., Gordon C., Mosher-Smith K., Brown M., Chaudhry S., Rizzo A., Sigismondi R., Whitehurst M., Lukaszewski A., Kranz D., Bland K., Gordan D., Lobel J., Sullivan J., Metzger M., O'Shea C., Harris C., Arezzo R., Kambhampati M.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2009
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vol. 115
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issue 2
477-481
EN
Bivalves, oysters, mussels, and clams are important constituents of riverine and estuarine ecosystems. Their shells and soft tissues provide information on the environments in which they live. Since they are filter feeders, they also are factors in improving water quality through removal of particulate matter from the water column. Finally, they are a valuable food source that has substantial economic value. Hence, characterization of shells and soft tissues is useful for improved understanding of these factors. Here, we used X-ray microprobes and computed microtomography facilities at the Brookhaven National Synchrotron Light Source to investigate elemental distributions in bivalves taken from locations around New York, Washington, DC, and New Orleans, LA. The results form the initial basis for compilation of a database of relevant parameters that can serve for tracking environmental changes and for assessing toxicity of particular metals. The work was enabled by active collaboration with students from the several regions, community groups, and research scientists. The collaboration was facilitated through use of web conferencing between Brookhaven National Laboratory and the varied locations.
7
Content available remote

Bioimaging with 4th Generation X-Ray Sources

45%
Pełka J.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2009
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vol. 115
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issue 2
572-575
EN
Newly constructed 4th generation sources of intense synchrotron radiation in ultrafast pulses of only 10-50 fs and wavelengths up to X-rays, the free electron lasers, are expected to revolutionize development of biological science. To take full advantage of unique properties of the sources, new imaging techniques of molecular and microscopic biological objects are developed. Present article provides a short review of a stormy development of bioimaging with incoming soon 4th generation synchrotron radiation X-ray sources. Some implications for the future of new sources and techniques are discussed as well.
8
Content available remote

Applications of Free Electron Lasers in Biology and Medicine

45%
Pełka J., Tybor K., Nietubyć R., Wrochna G.
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issue 2
427-432
EN
The advent of free electron lasers opens up new opportunities to probe the dynamics of ultrafast processes and the structure of matter with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. New methods inaccessible with other known types of radiation sources can be developed, resulting in a breakthrough in deep understanding the fundamentals of life as well as in numerous medical and biological applications. In the present work the properties of free electron laser radiation that make the sources excellent for probing biological matter at an arbitrary wavelength, in a wide range of intensities and pulse durations are briefly discussed. A number of biophysical and biomedical applications of the new sources, currently considered among the most promising in the field, are presented.
9
Content available remote

Parallel Mappings as a Key for Understanding the Bioinorganic Materials

45%
Kuczumow A., Nowak J., Chałas R.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2009
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vol. 115
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issue 2
482-488
EN
Important bioinorganic objects, both living and fossilized are as a rule characterized by a complex microscopic structure. For biological samples, the cell-like and laminar as well as growth ring structures are among most significant. Moreover, these objects belong to a now widely studied category of biominerals with composite, inorganic-organic structure. Such materials are composed of a limited number of inorganic compounds and several natural organic polymers. This apparently simple composition leads to an abnormal variety of constructions significant from the medical (repairs and implants), natural (ecological effectiveness) and material science (biomimetic synthesis) point of view. The analysis of an image obtained in an optical microscope, optionally in a scanning electron microscope is a topographical reference for further investigations. For the characterization of the distribution of chemical elements and compounds in a material, techniques such as X-ray, electron- or proton microprobes are applied. Essentially, elemental mappings are collected in this stage. The need for the application of an X-ray diffraction microprobe is obvious and our experience indicates on the necessity of using the synchrotron-based devices due to their better spatial resolution and good X-ray intensity. To examine the presence of the organic compounds, the Raman microprobe measurements are good options. They deliver information about the spatial distribution of functional groups and oscillating fragments of molecules. For the comprehensive investigation of bioinorganic material structural and chemical features, we propose the following sequence of methods: optical imaging, elemental mapping, crystallographic mapping, organic mapping and micromechanical mapping. The examples of such an approach are given for: petrified wood, human teeth, and an ammonite shell.
10
Content available remote

Applications of a Compact "Water Window" Source for Investigations of Nanostructures Using SXR Microscope

32%
Torrisi A., Wachulak P., Fahad Nawaz M., Bartnik A., Adjei D., Vondrová Š., Turňová J., Jančarek A., Fiedorowicz H.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 129
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issue 2
169-171
EN
A compact soft X-ray microscope based on a nitrogen double-stream gas puff target soft X-ray source, operating at He-like nitrogen spectral line at the wavelength of λ =2.88 nm is presented. The desk-top size microscope was successfully demonstrated in transmission mode using the Fresnel zone-plate objective and it is suitable for soft X-ray source microscopy in the "water window" spectral range (λ = 2.3÷ 4.4 nm). Details about the soft X-ray source source, the microscope and an example of application in the biomedical field are shown and discussed.
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