Areas of the outstanding natural beauty of the Triglav National Park, in Slovenia

• Authors: Fabio Rossano Dario , Maria Cristina Veiga De Vincenzo
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

This paper is a photographic summary of a scientific and touristic expedition carried out in June 2022 in the Triglav National Park, located in the northwestern of Slovenia. The Flora and fauna of the Park are very rich and diverse, and also has a huge number of rivers, streams, and crystalline lakes, emerald-blue in color and connected by a series of cascades and waterfalls, embedded in a network of mountains in the Julian Alps. The photos show park structures and wilderness areas, with spacious forest complexes, lakes, small streams, and waterfalls extending, besides geological formations, plants, and animal species.

Keywords

EN

Slovenia; Triglav National Park; Yugoslavia; protected areas

Discipline

• ENVIRONMENT_&_ECOLOGY: ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY

• Publisher: Scientific Publishing House „DARWIN”
• Journal: The Institute of Biopaleogeography named under Charles R. Darwin
• Year: 2023
• Volume: 19
• Pages: 1-81

Contributors

author

Fabio Rossano Dario

• Ploaia Agronomia, Ecologia e Meio Ambiente, Rua Leonardo Mota, 66 - São Paulo-SP, ZIP 05586-090, Brazil

author

Maria Cristina Veiga De Vincenzo

• Ploaia Agronomia, Ecologia e Meio Ambiente, Rua Leonardo Mota, 66 - São Paulo-SP, ZIP 05586-090, Brazil

References

• [1] T. Podobnikar. Georeferencing and quality assessment of Josephine survey maps for the mountainous region in the Triglav National Park. Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica Hungarica 44(1) (2009) 49-66
• [2] S. Buser. Developement of the Dinaric and the Julian Carbonate Platforms and of the intermediate Slovenian Basin (NW Yugoslavia). Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana 40 (1989) 313-320
• [3] M. Cousin. Esquisse géologique des confins italo-yougoslaves: Leur place dans les Dinarides et les Alpes meridionales. Bulletin de la Sociéte Géologique de France 7(6) (1970) 1034-1047
• [4] M. Cousin. Le sillon slovène: Les formations triasiques, jurassiques at neocomiennes au Nord-Est de Tolmin (Slovéne occidentale, Alpes méridionales) et leurs affinités dinariques. Bulletin de la Sociéte Géologique de France 15(3-4) (1973) 326-339
• [5] B. Rožič. Perbla and Tolmin formations: Revised Toarcian to Tithonian stratigraphy of the Tolmin Basin (NW Slovenia) and regional correlations. Bulletin de la Sociéte Géologique de France 180(5) (2009) 411-430
• [6] A. Šmuc, B. Rožič. The Jurassic Prehodavci Formation of the Julian Alps: easternmost outcrops of Rosso Ammonitico in the Southern Alps (NW Slovenia). Swiss Journal of Geosciences 103 (2010) 241-255
• [7] A. Carey, D. Smith, S. Welch, M. Zorn, J. Tičar, M. Lipar, B. Komac, B. Lyons. The geochemistry of ice in the Southeastern Alps, Slovenia. Acta Geographica Slovenica 60(2) (2020) 141-153
• [8] M. Gabrovec, J. Ortar, M. Pavšek, M. Zorn. The Triglav Glacier between the years 1999 and 2012. Acta Geographica Slovenica (2013) 53-2
• [9] A. Šmuc, G. Rožič. Tectonic geomorphology of the Triglav Lakes Valley (easternmost Southern Alps, NW Slovenia). Geomorphology (2009) 103-104
• [10] V. Brečko Grubar, G. Kovačič. Landscape ecological characterization of the Adriatic sea basin in Slovenia with an emphasis on water resource quality. Annales. Series Historia et Sociologia 20(1) (2010) 153-168
• [11] F. Bressan, F. Cucchi, E. Montagnari Kokelj, C. Piano, L. Zini. A GIS of the archaeological sites in the valley of the Isonzo River and its affluents (north-eastern Italy). Memorie Società Geologica Italiana 57 (2002) 613-619
• [12] N. Saunders, N. Faulkner, U. Košir, M. Črešnar, S. Thomas. Conflict Landscapes of the Soča/Isonzo Front, 1915– 2013: Archaeological-Anthropological Evaluation of the Soča Valley, Slovenia. Arheo 30 (2013) 47-66
• [13] L. Fumagalli; A. Snoj, D. Jesenšek, F. Balloux, T. Jug, O. Duron, F. Brossier, A.J. Crivelli, P. Berrebi. Extreme genetic differentiation among the remnant populations of marble trout (Salmo marmoratus) in Slovenia. Molecular Ecology 11(12) (2002) 2711-2716
• [14] A. Razpet, S. Sušnik, S., T. Jug, A. Snoj. Genetic variation among trout in the River Neretva basin, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Fish Biology 70(Suppl. A) (2007) 94-110
• [15] M. Povz, D. Jesensek, P. Berrebi, A.J. Crivelli. The marble trout Salmo trutta marmoratus, Cuvier 1817 in the Soča River basin, Slovenia. Publications de la Tour du Valat (1996) 65
• [16] M. Buzov. Ancient Settlements along the Sava river. Histria Antiqua 20(20) (2011) 355-373
• [17] B. Nadilo. Reconstruction of border bridges on Sava. Građevinar 52(3) (2000) 181-185
• [18] S. Šterc. Sava - Odra - Sava canal as floodwater protection structure of the city of Zagreb. Croatian Geographic Society 41-42(1) (1979) 95-117
• [19] P. Mikša. Exploring the Mountains: Triglav at the end of the 18th Century. Man, Nature and Environment Between the Northern Adriatic and the Eastern Alpsin Premodern Times (2014) 202-215
• [20] S. Becken, H. Job. Protected Areas in an era of global-local change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 22(4) (2014) 507-527
• [21] M. Hribar, M. Šmid Hribar, B. Erhartič. Premislek o razvoju zavarovanih območij. Regionalni Razvoj 3 (2011) 11-21
• [22] M. Gabrovec, B. Komac, J. Kozina, K.P. Horvat, J. Nared, A. Smrekar, M. Topole, M. Urbanc. Triglav National Park, Slovenia, and its contribution to regional development. Eco.mont 9 (2017) 57-66
• [23] M. Andric, P. Sabatier, W. Rapuc, N. Ogrinc, M. Dolenec, F. Arnaud, U. von Grafenstein, A. Smuc. 6600 years of human and climate impacts on lake-catchment and vegetation in the Julian Alps (Lake Bohinj, Slovenia). Quaternary Science Reviews 227 (2020) 1-19
• [24] I. Zelnik, T. Balanč, M.J. Tolman. Diversity and structure of the Tychoplankton diatom community in the Limnocrene Spring Zelenci (Slovenia) in relation to environmental factors. Water 10(4) (2018) 361-373
• [25] K.P. Gramacho, L.S. Gonçalves L.S. Comparative study of the hygienic behavior of Carniolan and Africanized honey bees directed towards grouped versus isolated dead brood cells. Genetics and Molecular Research 8 (2) 744-750
• [26] S. Sušnik, P. Kozmus, J. Poklukar, V Meglič. Molecular characterization of indigenous Apis mellifera carnica in Slovenia. Apidologie 35 (2004) 623-636
• [27] B. Vornam, N. Recarli, O. Gailing. Spatial distribution of genetic variation in a natural beech stand (Fagus sylvatica L.) based on microsatellite markers. Conservation Genetics 5 (2004) 561-570
• [28] Å. Berg, U. Gärdenfors, T. Hallingbäck, M. Norén. Habitat preferences of red-listed fungi and bryophytes in woodland key habitats in southern Sweden: analyses of data from a national survey. Biodiversity and Conservation 11 (2002) 1479-1503
• [29] Ö. Fritz, K. Larsson. The significance of long forest continuity to red-listed lichens: a study of beech forest in the province of Halland, Sweden. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 91 (1996) 241-262
• [30] M. Konnert, F. Bergmann. The geographical distribution of genetic variation of silver fir (Abies alba, Pinaceae) in relation to its migration history. Plant Systematics and Evolution 196 (1995) 19-30
• [31] D. Dobrowolska, A. Bončina, R. Klumpp. Ecology and silviculture of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.): A review. Journal of Forest Research 22 (2017) 326-335
• [32] M. Čater, J. Diaci. Divergent response of European beech, silver fir and Norway spruce advance regeneration to increased light levels following natural disturbance. Forest Ecology and Management 399 (2017) 206-212
• [33] M. Čater, J. Diaci, D. Roženbergar. Gap size and position influence variable response of Fagus sylvatica L. and Abies alba Mill. Forest Ecology and Management 325 (2014) 128-135
• [34] D. Sekulić, B. Karadžić, N. Kuzmanović, S. Jarić, M. Mitrović, P. Pavlović. Diversity of Ostrya carpinifolia forests in ravine habitats of Serbia (S-E Europe). Diversity 13(2) (2021) 59
• [35] P.A. Thomas. Biological flora of the British Isles: Fraxinus excelsior. Journal of Ecology 104(4) (2016) 1158-1209
• [36] J. Bavcon, B. Ravnjak. Seed banks as a partnership for global plant conservation. Acta Biologica Slovenica 57(1) (2014) 3-13
• [37] L.Å. Janzon. Pollination studies of Campanula persicifolia (Campanulaceae) in Sweden. Grana 22(3) (1983) 153-165
• [38] B.A. Caspers. Developmental costs of yellow colouration in fire salamanders and experiments to test the efficiency of yellow as a warning colouration. Amphibia-Reptilia 41(3) (2020) 373-385
• [39] L. Bonato, S. Steinfartz. Evolution of the melanistic color in the Alpine salamander Salamandra atra as revealed by a new subspecies from the Venetian prealps. Italian Journal of Zoology 72 (2001) 253-260
• [40] H. Schneider, U. Sinsch, T.S. Sofianidou. The water frogs of Greece. Zeitschrift für Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 31 (1993) 47-63
• [41] C.J. Reading, J. Loman, T. Madsen. Breeding pond fidelity in the common toad, Bufo bufo. Journal of Zoology 225(2) (1991) 201-211
• [42] N.B. Davies, T.R. Halliday. Deep croaks and fighting assessment in toads Bufo bufo. Nature 274(5672) (1978) 683-685
• [43] A. Hemelaar. Age, growth and other population characteristics of Bufo bufo from different latitudes and altitudes. Journal of Herpetology 22(4) (1988) 369-388
• [44] G. Pérez de Lanuza, P. Carazo, E. Font. Colours of quality: structural (but not pigment) coloration informs about male quality in a polychromatic lizard. Animal Behaviour 90 (2014) 73-81
• [45] E. Font, P. Carazo, G. Pérez Lanuza, M. Kramer. Predator-elicited foot shakes in wall lizards (Podarcis muralis): Evidence for a pursuit-deterrent function. Journal of Comparative Psychology 126(1) (2012) 87-96
• [46] D. Pellitteri-Rosa. Chemical polymorphism in male femoral gland secretions matches polymorphic coloration in common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis). Chemoecology 24(2) (2014) 67-78
• [47] J.F. Schmidtler, W. Böhme. Synonymy and nomenclatural history of the Common or Viviparous Lizard, by this time: Zootoca vivipara (Lichtenstein, 1823). Bonn Zoological Bulletin 60(2) (2011) 214-228
• [48] A. Žagar, M.A. Carretero, M. Krofel, M. Lužnik, M. Podnar, N. Tvrtković. Reptile survey in Dinara Mountain (Croatia) revealed the southernmost known population of Horvath’s rock lizard (Iberolacerta horvathi). Natura Croatica 23(1) (2014) 235-240
• [49] L. Luiselli. Food habits of an alpine population of the sand viper (Vipera ammodytes). Journal of Herpetology 30 (1996) 92-94
• [50] A. Strugariu, S. Zamfirescu, R. Ştefan, I. Gherghel. First record of the adder (Vipera berus berus) in Argeș County (Southern Romania). Biharean Biologist 3(2) (2009) 164
• [51] A. Plettenberg-Laing. Observations on the diet of the nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes) in Greece. Herpetological Bulletin 153 (2020) 37-39
• [52] M. Lang Balija, A. Leonardi, M. Brgles, D. Sviben, T. Kurtović, B. Halassy, I. Križaj. Biological activities and proteomic profile of the venom of Vipera ursinii ssp., a very rare karst viper from Croatia. Toxins 12 (2020) 187
• [53] P. Kaczensky. Large carnivore predation on livestock in Europe. Ursus 11 (1999) 59-72
• [54] M. Adamic. Decision making in the conservation management of problem wildlife species in Slovenia, based on the knowledge gained through current research projects. Gozd 54 (1996) 297-306
• [55] M. Adamic. The expanding brown bear population of Slovenia: a chance for bear recovery in the southeastern Alps. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 9(2) (1997) 25-29
• [56] P. Kaczensky, M. Blazic, H. Gossow. Public attitudes towards brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Slovenia. Biological Conservation 118 (2004) 661-674
• [57] M. Bartol, R. Černe, J. Črtalič, L. Hočevar. Monitoring of Conservation Status of Wolves in Slovenia in 2020-2021 season - final report summary. Technical Report (2021) 1-15
• [58] J. Čop, A. Frković. The re-introduction of the lynx in Slovenia and its present status in Slovenia and Croatia. Hystrix 10(1) (1998) 65-76
• [59] A. Frković. Ris (Lynx lynx L.) u Hrvatskoj - naseljavanje, odlov i brojnost (1974-2000). Šumarski List 11-12 (2001) 625-634
• [60] J. Čop. Propagation pattern of re-introduced population of lynx (Lynx lynx L) in Yugoslavia (1973. Slovenia – Kocevsko) and its impact on the ungulate community. Atti del convegno Reintroduzione dei predatori nele aree protette (1987) 83-91
• [61] Triglav National Park. European Diploma. Annual report (2019) 1-7
• [62] N. Pettorelli, F. Pelletier, A. von Hardenberg, M. Festa-Bianchet, S.D. Cote. Early onset of vegetation growth vs. rapid green-up: Impacts on juvenile mountain ungulates. Ecology 88 (2007) 381-390
• [63] L. Pompilio, A. Meriggi. Modelling wild ungulate distribution in alpine habitat: A case study. Italian Journal of Zoology 68 (2001) 281-289
• [64] R. Schnidrig-Petrig, P. Ingold. Effects of paragliding on alpine chamois. Wildlife Biology 7 (2001) 285-294
• [65] M. Krofel, R. Luštrik, M. Stergar, K. Jerina. Habitat use of Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) in Triglav National Park. Technical Report (2013) 1-12
• [66] A. Pavlova, R.M. Zink, S. Rohwer, E.A. Koblik, Y.A. Red'kin, I.V. Fadeev, E.V. Nesterov. Mitochondrial DNA and plumage evolution in the white wagtail Motacilla alba. Journal of Avian Biology 36(4) (2005) 322-336
• [67] C. Randler. Is tail wagging in white wagtails, Motacilla alba, an honest signal of vigilance?. Animal Behaviour 71 (5) (2006) 1089-1093
• [68] J. Partecke, E. Gwinner. Increased sedentariness in European blackbirds following urbanization: a consequence of local adaptation?. Ecology 88(4) (2007) 882-90
• [69] I. Galván, L. Amo, J.J. Sanz. Ultraviolet-blue reflectance of some nestling plumage patches mediates parental favoritism in great tits Parus major. Journal of Avian Biology 39(3) (2008) 277-82
• [70] T.A. Wilkin, L.E. King, B.C. Sheldon. Habitat quality, nestling diet, and provisioning behaviour in great tits Parus major. Journal of Avian Biology 40(2) (2009) 135-145
• [71] W. Cresswell, R. McCleery. How Great Tits maintain synchronization of their hatch date with food supply in response to long-term variability in temperature. Journal of Animal Ecology 72(2) (2003) 356-366
• [72] P.H. Harvey, P.J. Greenwood, C.M. Perrins. Breeding area fidelity of Great Tits (Parus major). Journal of Animal Ecology 48(1) (1979) 305-313
• [73] M. Metzmacher. Imitations et transmission culturelle dans le chant du Pinson des arbres Fringilla coelebs? Alauda 84 (2016) 203-220
• [74] P. de Knijf. How carrion and hooded crows defeat Linnaeus's curse. Science 344(6190) (2014) 1345-1346
• [75] L. Božič. Numbers, distribution and nest site characteristics of Jackdaw Corvus monedula in Slovenia and its conservation status. Acrocephalus 37(170/171) (2016) 123-150
• [76] P. Zduniak. The prey of Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix L.) in wetland: Study of damaged egg shells of birds. Polish Journal of Ecology 54(3) (2006) 491-498
• [77] P.E. Fjeld, G.A. Sonerud. Food catching, cache recovery, and the use of an egg shell dump in Hooded Crows Corvus corone cornix. Ornis Scandinavica 19 (1988) 268-274
• [78] W. Grabiński. Breeding ecology of the Hooded Crow Corvus corone cornix in a fishpond habitat. Ptaki Śląska 11 (1996) 5-38
• [79] R. Offereins. Identification of eastern subspecies of Western Jackdaw and occurrence in the Netherlands. Dutch Birding 25(4) (2003) 209-220
• [80] P. Mikula. Western Jackdaw (Corvus monedula) attacking bats (Chiroptera): observations from Bardejov, northeastern Slovakia. Sylvia 49 (2013) 157-159
• [81] K. Johnsson. Colonial Breeding and Nest Predation in the Jackdaw Corvus monedula using old Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius Holes. Ibis 136(3) (1994) 313-317
• [82] T. Hetmański, M. Barkowska. Density and age of breeding pairs influence feral pigeon, Columba livia reproduction. Folia Zoologica 56(1) (2007) 71-83
• [83] L. Baptista. Darwin's pigeons and the evolution of the columbiforms: recapitulation of ancient genes. Acta Zoológica Mexicana 25(3) (2009) 719-741
• [84] J.M. Davis. Socially induced flight reactions in pigeons. Animal Behaviour 23 (1975) 597-601
• [85] K. Przybylska, A. Haidt, Ł. Myczko, A. Ekner-Grzyb, Z.M. Rosin, Z. Kwieciński, P. Tryjanowski, J. Suchodolska, V. Takacs, Ł. Jankowiak, M. Tobółka, O. Wasielewski, A. Graclik, A.J. Krawczyk, A. Kasprzak, P. Szwajkowski, P. Wylegała, A.W. Malecha, T. Mizera, P. Skórka. Local and landscape-level factors affecting the density and distribution of the feral pigeon Columba livia var. domestica in an urban environment. Acta Ornithologica 47(1) (2012) 37-45
• [86] J. Böhner, K. Witt. Distribution, abundance and dynamics of the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Berlin: a review. International Studies on Sparrows 32 (2007) 14-29
• [87] P. Brichetti, D. Rubolini, P. Galeotti, M. Fasola. Recent declines in urban Italian Sparrow Passer (domesticus) italiae populations in northern Italy. Ibis 150 (2008) 177-181
• [88] D. Chamberlain, M. Toms, R. Cleary‐McHarg, A. Banks. House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) habitat use in urbanized landscapes. Journal of Ornithology 148 (2007) 453-462
• [89] L. Shaw, D. Chamberlain, M. Evans. The House Sparrow Passer domesticus in urban areas: reviewing a possible link between post‐decline distribution and human socioeconomic status. Journal of Ornithology 149 (2008) 293-299
• [90] N. Wilkinson. Factors influencing the small-scale distribution of House Sparrow Passer domesticus in a suburban environment. Bird Study 53 (2006) 39-46
• [91] R. Yosef, P. Tryjanowski, K.L. Bildstein. Spring migration of adult and immature buzzards (Buteo buteo) through Elat, Israel: timing and body size. Journal of Raptor Research 36(2) (2002) 115-120
• [92] J. Nagy. Phylogeny and evolution of the European Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) and its allies: a review of the “bird of the year.” Ornis Hungarica 25(2) (2017) 1-10
• [93] J.A. Craves. Current status of European Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) in the western Great Lakes region. North American Birds 62 (2008) 498-501.
• [94] R.J. Safran. Nest-site selection in the barn swallow, Hirundo rutica: What predicts seasonal reproductive success?. Canadian Journal of Zoology 84(11) (2006) 1533-1539
• [95] M. Kose, A.P Møller. Sexual selection, feather breakage and parasites: the importance of white spots in the tail of the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 45(6) (1999) 430-436
• [96] A.P. Møller. Mixed reproductive strategy and mate guarding in a semi-colonial passerine, the swallow Hirundo rustica. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 17(4) (1985) 401-40

• Document Type: article