Leczenie schizofrenii elektrowstrząsami oraz lekami przeciwpsychotycznymi, łącznie z elektrowstrząsami

• Authors: Emilia Kołodziej‑Kowalska , Jolanta Rabe‑Jabłońska

Title variants

EN

Treatment of schizophrenia with electroconvulsive therapy – antipsychotic drugs combination

• Languages of publication: PL

Abstracts

PL

Elektrowstrząsy (EW) były stosowane w leczeniu schizofrenii od czasu ich wynalezienia w 1938 roku. Wprowadzenie efektywnej farmakoterapii schizofrenii oraz zaburzeń nastroju doprowadziło do znacznego spadku ich wykonywania w latach 60. i 70. XX wieku. Stopniowe wykazanie ograniczeń skuteczności i występowanie objawów niepożądanych leków przeciwpsychotycznych doprowadziło w kolejnych dekadach do powrotu zainteresowania elektrowstrząsami jako metodą leczenia lekoopornej schizofrenii. Niestety, wskazania do zastosowania EW w schizofrenii i ich miejsce w algorytmach leczniczych są niejasne, głównie w związku z brakiem odpowiedniej jakości badań klinicznych. Kontrowersje związane z oceną efektywności EW w leczeniu schizofrenii, zwłaszcza opornej na farmakoterapię, znalazły odzwierciedlenie w różnicach w rekomendacjach wydawanych przez różne towarzystwa naukowe. Analiza danych z literatury (nieliczne badania randomizowane i otwarte, głównie badania retrospektywne i opisy kazuistyczne) wykazuje, że strategia polegająca na leczeniu skojarzonym lekami przeciwpsychotycznymi i elektrowstrząsami jest efektywniejsza od każdej z tych metod z osobna. Badania sugerują także, że połączenie EW i klozapiny jest raczej bezpieczne i skuteczne; doniesienia oceniające połączenie z nowymi LPP drugiej generacji są nieliczne. Identyfikowano różne czynniki predykcyjne poprawy po leczeniu skojarzonym EW i LPP. Częsta jest konkluzja, że elektrowstrząsy w połączeniu z lekami przeciwpsychotycznymi mogą być rozważane jako opcja terapeutyczna u pacjentów, u których farmakoterapia wykazuje ograniczoną skuteczność. Profil objawów ubocznych terapii skojarzonej nie różni się od samych zabiegów EW, jest ona bezpieczna i dobrze tolerowana.

EN

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used to treat schizophrenia since the procedure was introduced in 1938. The introduction of effective pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia and mood disorders led to a drop in the use of ECT during the 1960s and 1970s. When the limitations in the efficacy of antipsychotic drugs and the adverse effects of these agents were recognized, interest in ECT as a therapy for treatment of resistant schizophrenia (TRS) returned. Nevertheless, indications for the use of electroconvulsive therapy in schizophrenia and its place in the treatment hierarchy for patients with this disorder are unclear because of the dearth of quality research in this field. The controversy over the efficacy of ECT for the treatment of schizophrenia, especially the treatment resistant one, has more recently been embodied in the opposing recommendations of a number of different groups. Literature review (a few randomized controlled trials, mostly uncontrolled studies such as open trials, retrospective studies and case reports) indicates that combined treatment with antipsychotics and electroconvulsive therapy is possibly superior to each method when used alone. Combination of ECT and clozapine represents additional help and most of the data suggest it is both safe and effective. There are only few studies concerning the newest atypical antipsychotics. Different predictors of therapeutic outcome were identified. The literature review indicates that the combination of ECT and antipsychotic drugs may be considered as a treatment strategy for patients with schizophrenia, especially those refractory to conventional treatments. Side effects profile of this strategy does not differ from traditional ECT treatments.

Keywords

EN

ECT; EW; efficacy; leczenie lekami przeciwpsychotycznymi i EW; schizofrenia; schizofrenialekooporna; schizophrenia; skuteczność; treatment with antipsychotics – ECT combination; treatment‑resistant schizophrenia; wskazania

Discipline

• MEDICINE: MEDICINE

• Publisher: Medical Communications
• Journal: Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
• Year: 2011
• Volume: 11
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 238-242

Contributors

author

Emilia Kołodziej‑Kowalska

• Centralny Szpital Kliniczny Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi. Dyrektor: dr n. med. Monika Domarecka

author

Jolanta Rabe‑Jabłońska

• Klinika Zaburzeń Afektywnych i Psychotycznych Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi. Kierownik: prof. dr hab. n. med. Jolanta Rabe‑Jabłońska

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• Document Type: article