Use of low-carbohydrate diets in patients with type 2 diabetes

• Authors: Agnieszka Oleszko , Elżbieta Szczepańska , Jadwiga Jośko-Ochojska

Title variants

PL

Rozważania na temat stosowania diety niskowęglowodanowej u chorych na cukrzycę typu 2

• Languages of publication: EN PL

Abstracts

EN

The treatment of type 2 diabetes should be supported with a proper diet paired with physical activity at every stage of therapy. Carbohydrates are key macronutrients with a direct effect on the level of postprandial glycaemia. For the past several decades, dietary intervention studies investigating and comparing the effects of limiting carbohydrate intake in favour of other macronutrients have been carried out. A low-carbohydrate diet has been and still is suggested by some experts as well as patient organizations as the most effective option that is associated with the smallest risk of side effects. The recommendations, however, have not been supported with evidence from high quality randomized control trials. The aim of this work is to review the published meta-analyses of randomized control trials, which compared the parameters relevant for the treatment of diabetes, including fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, the lipid profile and weight loss. Currently, there is insufficient scientific evidence allowing a uniform recommendation to be made regarding the optimum amount of carbohydrates in the daily diet, hence the relevant recommendations should be tailored to each patient. In dietary interventions among type 2 diabetes, lowering the patient’s diet energy content is of primary importance, as well as the quality of ingested macronutrients, especially carbohydrates and fats.

PL

Leczenie cukrzycy typu 2 na każdym etapie powinno być wspomagane odpowiednią dietą połączoną z aktywnością fizyczną. Kluczowym makroskładnikiem diety, mającym bezpośredni wpływ na wzrost glikemii po posiłku, są węglo-wodany. Od kilkudziesięciu lat badane są efekty interwencji dietetycznych polegających na ograniczeniu procentowego udziału węglowodanów w diecie na rzecz innych makroskładników. Dieta niskowęglowodanowa była i nadal jest sugerowana przez niektórych ekspertów oraz środowiska pacjentów jako najskuteczniejsza i niosąca najmniejsze ryzyko skutków ubocznych. Sugestie te nie są jednak poparte dowodami pochodzącymi z wysokiej jakości randomizowanych kontrolowanych badań klinicznych. Praca stanowi przegląd publikowanych w ostatnich latach metaanaliz randomizowanych kontrolowanych badań porównujących parametry mające znaczenie dla leczenia cukrzycy: glikemię na czczo, hemoglobinę glikowaną, lipidogram oraz redukcję masy ciała. Obecnie brak wystarczających dowodów naukowych do zalecania jednej, optymalnej ilości węglowodanów w diecie, wobec czego zalecenia te powinny być indywidualizowane. Większą rolę w podejmowanych interwencjach dietetycznych u chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 mają obniżenie całkowitej wartości energetycznej diety oraz jakość dostarczanych makroskładników, szczególnie węglowodanów i tłuszczów.

Keywords

EN

carbohydrate; clinical recommendation; cukrzyca typu 2; diet; dieta; glikemia; glycaemia; type 2 diabetes; węglowodany; zalecenia kliniczne

Discipline

• MEDICINE: MEDICINE

• Publisher: Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach
• Journal: Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis
• Year: 2018
• Issue: 72
• Pages: 287–293

Contributors

author

Agnieszka Oleszko

• Department of Environmental Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

author

Elżbieta Szczepańska

• Department of Human Nutrition, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

author

Jadwiga Jośko-Ochojska

• Department of Environmental Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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• Document Type: article