Stres a czynność układu neuroendokrynnego

• Authors: Olga Józefowicz , Jolanta Rabe-Jabłońska

Title variants

EN

Stress and neuroendocrine function

• Languages of publication: EN PL

Abstracts

EN

Stress is frequently seen as a significant contributor to disease, including psychiatric illness. Systems within the body try to maintain constancy facing stressful events. Glucocorticoid secretion is one of the most frequent responses to stressful events. Adrenal steroid secretion has a multiple actions on the brain and body. Acute elevations of adrenal steroids promote adaptive processes, such as increased appetite, memory, immunological function. Chronic elevation of glucocorticoids suppresses immune defence, promotes insulin resistance and abdominal fat deposition, impairs memory and increases fear response and anxiety. Stressors activate the release and turnover of noradrenaline, along with the release of catecholamines from the autonomic nervous system. Stressors also activate serotonin turnover and thereby activate a system that has both anxiogenic and anxiolytic pathways within the forebrain. Another deleterious result of repeated stress is the atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. Stressful life events are acknowledged as an important risk factor for major depressive illness and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and possible also for schizophrenia (SCH). PTSD and SCH appear to involve neuroanatomical disturbances in hippocampal volume and structure, whereas major depressive illness may be linked through glucocorticoid excess to reduced hippocampal volume and cognitive impairment. The researches on the effect of chronic and acute stress on the nervous system and other systems of the body should be continued, as they could be useful in preventing deleterious effects of stress leading to developing and progression of somatic and psychiatric disorders.

PL

Stres jest czynnikiem przyczyniającym się do rozwoju nie tylko wielu chorób somatycznych, ale również psychicznych. W obliczu stresu organizm stara się utrzymać stałość układów wewnętrznych - jest to proces zwany allostazą. Najczęstszą odpowiedź na wydarzenia stresowe stanowi sekrecja glikokortykoidów, które mają wielotorowe działania na mózg i ciało. Nagły wzrost poziomu hormonów sterydowych sprzyja procesom adaptacyjnym, takim jak wzrost apetytu, polepszenie pamięci i wzmożenie odporności. Przewlekle podwyższony poziom tych hormonów przyczynia się do powstania otyłości brzusznej, insulinooporności, supresji układu immunologicznego, a także osłabia pamięć oraz wzmaga odpowiedź w postaci lęku i niepokoju. Stresory aktywują uwalnianie i obrót noradrenaliny (NA) wraz z uwolnieniem katecholamin w autonomicznym układzie nerwowym. Stres aktywuje również metabolizm serotoniny, w wyniku czego dochodzi do aktywacji systemu mającego działanie zarówno lękotwórcze, jak i anksjolityczne w obrębie przodomózgowia. Szkodliwym skutkiem powtarzającego się stresu jest również atrofia szczytowych dendrytów neuronów piramidowych obszaru CA3 hipokampa. Stresujące wydarzenia życiowe są uznawane za ważne czynniki ryzyka powstawania dużej depresji i zaburzeń związanych ze stresem (PTSD) i prawdopodobnie schizofrenii (SCH). Pojawienie się PTSD i SCH łączy się z zaburzeniami neuroanatomicznymi w rozmiarze i strukturze hipokampa, a rozwój depresji może być związany m.in. z nadmiarem glikokortykoidów (GK), powodującym redukcję rozmiaru hipokampa i w konsekwencji zaburzenia poznawcze. Badania nad skomplikowanym wpływem ostrego i przewlekłego stresu na ośrodkowy układ nerwowy i inne układy wymagają kontynuacji, mogą przynieść dane pozwalające na skutecznie zapobieganie jego niekorzystnym efektom prowadzącym do rozwoju lub nasilenia przebiegu wielu chorób, zarówno somatycznych, jak i psychicznych.

Keywords

EN

acute and chronic stress; adaptacja prawidłowa i nieprawidłowa; adaptation and maladaptation; allostasis; allostatic load; allostaza; depresja; depression; hipokamp; hippocampus; homeostasis; homeostaza; neuroendocrine system; obciążenie allostazy; stres ostry i przewlekły; układ neuroendokrynny

Discipline

• MEDICINE: MEDICINE

• Publisher: Medical Communications
• Journal: Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna
• Year: 2009
• Volume: 9
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 116-124

Contributors

author

Olga Józefowicz

• Klinika Zaburzeń Afektywnych i Psychotycznych Katedry Psychiatrii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi. Kierownik: prof. dr hab. n. med. Jolanta Rabe-Jabłońska

author

Jolanta Rabe-Jabłońska

• Klinika Zaburzeń Afektywnych i Psychotycznych Katedry Psychiatrii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi. Kierownik: prof. dr hab. n. med. Jolanta Rabe-Jabłońska

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