PL
In general, there is always a trade-off between the information output and the process throughput. The automation of micro- to small-scale bioreactors is considered necessary as this can facilitate a straightforward bioprocess development to reach its commercial success. A small-scale, dead-end enzymatic membrane reactor system has been realised. Reactor system was tested for the continuous transgalactosylation of lactulose using commercial β- galactosidase.