EN
The paper reports on distribution in nature, properties and molecular structure of antifreeze proteins, especially from fish (a continual biosynthesis) and from fish inhabiting northern part of moderate zone waters (a seasonal synthesis). Three main functions of THPs are described, i.e. inhibition of ice crystals growth, inhibition of ice recrystallization, and inhibition of ice nucleating proteins. Main approaches of THPs research, aimed at their commercialization, agricultural application (crop protection, transgenic plants and fish, resitant to low temperatures), food industry (including frozen foods) and medicine (crysoprotection of cells, tissues and organs for transplantions) are discussed. Cryotoxity THPs detected by some researchers is also mentioned.