EN
Summary: The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of renal venous system congenital anomalies in the Polish population. Material and method: Vascular kidney samples were investigated by means of preparations and X-ray contrasting. The study the group comprised 281 male and 269 female specimens. Results: Congenital anomalies were diagnosed in 186 patients (33 8% of all cases), and they were more frequent in men than in women, albeit that difference was non-significant. The following anomalies were most commonly observed: multiple venous variations on the right side (20.4%), retroaortic course of the left renal vein (4.2%), and circumaortic venous ring of the left renal vein (3.8%). Other anomalies were diagnosed in 1%-2% of cases. Conclusions: Awareness and preoperative assessment of the venous system before abdominal aortic surgery, isolated collection of renal venous blood samples, and urological or kidney transplantation procedures is essential.