Efekt lilipuci - typy, przyczyny i znaczenie dla organizmów znajdujących się pod działaniem niekorzystnych czynników środowiska

• Authors: Mariusz Salamon

Title variants

EN

Lilliput effect - types, causes and significance for organisms under unfavourable environmental conditions

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Efekt lilipuci (lub efekt Liliputa) w swojej pierwotnej wersji definiuje się jako odpowiedź adaptacyjną organizmu na pogorszenie się warunków środowiskowych, polegającą na pozdarzeniowym zmniejszeniu rozmiarów ciała osobników składających się na daną populację. Obecnie wyróżniamy cztery jego typy: preferencyjne przetrwanie taksonów o mniejszym rozmiarze ciała (wymieranie taksonów o dużych rozmiarach), karłowacenie taksonów o dużych rozmiarach, miniaturyzacja połączona z dodatkowymi zmianami morfologicznymi oraz efekt lilipuci połączony z efektem Łazarza. Jako główne przyczyny tego zjawiska wymienia się drastyczne zmiany temperatury (ocieplenie lub ochłodzenie klimatu), zmiany stopnia zasolenia mórz, zakwaszenie mórz, zubożenie środowiska w tlen (zjawiska anoksyczne oraz hipoksyczne), fluktuacje poziomu morza, utratę organizmów symbiotycznych, załamanie w produkcji pierwotnej oraz załamanie sieci troficznych. Efekt lilipuci rozpatrywany jest jednak jako skuteczna adaptacja do tego typu niekorzystnych warunków, ponieważ organizmy skarłowaciałe cechują się mniejszym zapotrzebowaniem na określone zasoby środowiska oraz szybciej osiągają dojrzałość płciową. Został on opisany u takich grupach organizmów jak kręgowce, bezkręgowce, protisty oraz rośliny.

EN

In its original version, Lilliput effect (LE) is defined as adaptive response of an organism to the deterioration of environmental conditions, involving after-event reduction of individuals body size in a given population. Currently, four patterns of LE are considered - preferential survival of smaller taxa (extinction of large taxa), dwarfing of taxa, miniaturization combined with additional morphological changes, and LE combined with Lazarus effect. As the main reasons underlying this phenomenon are mentioned: drastic temperature changes (climate warming or cooling), changes in sea salinity, sea acidification, depletion in oxygen of environment (anoxic and hypoxic conditions), sea level fluctuations, loss of symbiotic organisms, collapse in primary production and of food webs. However, LE is considered as effective adaptation for this type of unfavorable conditions, because dwarfed organisms require lower demand for certain environmental resources and quickly reach sexual maturity. The Lilliput effect has been described for many groups of organisms such as vertebrates, invertebrates, protists and plants.

Keywords

PL

adaptacja; efekt lilipuci; karłowacenie; miniaturyzacja; wielkie wymierania

EN

adaptation; dwarfing; Liliput effect; miniaturization; mass extinctions

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2018
• Volume: 67
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 263-273

Dates

published

2018

Contributors

author

Mariusz Salamon

• Katedra Paleontologii i Stratygrafii, Wydział Nauk o Ziemi, Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Polska
• WNoZ UŚ - Centrum Studiów Polarnych KNOW (Krajowy Naukowy Ośrodek Wiodący), Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Polska
• Department of Paleontology and Stratigraphy, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60,, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
• WNoZ UŚ - Centre for Polar Studies KNOW (Leading National Research Centre), Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland

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