Mechanizmy adaptacyjne umożliwiające życie bakterii w wysokich temperaturach

• Authors: Konrad Hus , Aleksandra Bocian

Title variants

EN

The mechanisms of adaptation allowing bacteria to survive in high temperatures

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Z antropocentrycznego punktu widzenia, środowiska cechujące się wysokimi temperaturami opisywane są jako ekstremalne. Pierwotnie uważano, że są one zbyt niekorzystne dla rozwoju życia, jednakże wiele badań naukowych dowiodło, iż istnieje spora grupa mikroorganizmów, które mogą przetrwać w tak trudnych warunkach. Jednakże aby było to możliwe, organizmy te wykształciły wiele mechanizmów i strategii ochrony komórki przed niekorzystnymi warunkami środowiska. Zaliczyć tu można: produkcję białek szoku cieplnego, stabilizację struktury DNA, błyskawiczną resyntezę ATP, aminokwasów i innych termolabilnych składników komórki, syntezę trehalozy i innych cząsteczek stabilizujących struktury komórkowe, zwiększoną syntezę specyficznych proteaz, zastąpienie nukleotydów nikotynamidowych przez stabilniejszą ferredoksynę czy zmianę ekspresji genów w komórce. Enzymy produkowane przez mikroorganizmy termofilne są obecnie źródłem intensywnych badań, głównie ze względu na swoje wyjątkowe właściwości i szerokie zastosowanie w przemyśle.

EN

From the anthropocentric point of view, the environments that are characterized by high temperatures have been identified as extreme ones. Originally, they were considered as too extreme to allow any organism to survive. However, later investigations have revealed that there exists a fairly large group of microorganisms thriving very well in these conditions. In order to withstand high temperatures these microorganisms have developed numerous mechanisms and strategies for protecting their cells. They include inter alia production of heat shock proteins, stabilization of the double-stranded DNA structure, rapid re-synthesis of ATP, certain amino acids and other heat-labile components of the cell, enhanced synthesis of: trehalose and other molecules stabilizing cell structures, and specific proteases hydrolyzing denatured proteins, substitution of termo-labile nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides by more thermally stable ferredoxin, as well as modifications of gene expression. Presently, enzymes produced by thermophilic microorganisms are an important area of research owing to their unique properties and wide industrial applications.

Keywords

PL

bakterie; chaperony; termofile; termostabilność; trehaloza

EN

bacteria; chaperones; thermophiles; thermostability; trehalose

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2017
• Volume: 66
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 175-184

Dates

published

2017

Contributors

author

Konrad Hus

• Zakład Biotechnologii i Bioinformatyki, Wydział Chemiczny, Politechnika Rzeszowska im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza, Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Polska
• Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatic, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland

author

Aleksandra Bocian

• Zakład Biotechnologii i Bioinformatyki, Wydział Chemiczny, Politechnika Rzeszowska im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza, Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Polska
• Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatic, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland

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