Współczesne metody stosowane w analizie biodeterioracji obiektów zabytkowych

• Authors: Justyna Adamiak , Anna Otlewska , Beata Gutarowska
• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Interpretacja zjawiska biodeterioracji obiektów muzealnych wymaga podjęcia działań obejmujących identyfikację dominujących gatunków mikroorganizmów oraz ustalenie związku pomiędzy cechami metabolicznymi zidentyfikowanych mikroorganizmów a właściwościami chemicznymi badanych materiałów. Z tego powodu konieczność opracowywania i wdrażania nowych metod badawczych wydaje się nieodzowna. Do precyzyjnego określenia przynależności taksonomicznej drobnoustrojów pochodzących z badanej próby, również tych niehodowalnych w warunkach laboratoryjnych, przyczynił się rozwój metod molekularnych: genetycznego fingerprintingu (m.in. DGGE/TGGE, T-RFLP, SSCP, ARISA, ARDRA), sekwencjonowania rRNA, narzędzi bioinformatycznych, czy metagenomiki. Oznaczenie określonych biomolekuł na powierzchniach zabytkowych, będących następstwem rozwoju drobnoustrojów, oparte jest na stosunkowo młodej dyscyplinie, metabolomice. Całość dopełniają metody analityczne (takie jak np. SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR), dzięki którym można określić skutki interakcji drobnoustrojów z materiałem zabytkowym oraz mechanizm biodeterioracji. W artykule przedstawiono i scharakteryzowano współczesne techniki pozwalające ocenić zjawisko biodeterioracji materiałów zabytkowych.

EN

Incomplete knowledge of agents responsible for biodeterioration of the museum objects prevents from introducing effective restoration strategies. For proper conservation approaches it is necessary to identify complete microbial consortium inhabiting a given object, as well as, to find connections between products of microbial metabolism and chemical features of the material the object is made of. Therefore, development and application new methods for the study of biodeterioration of historical objects seems to be indispensable. To precisely determine the taxonomic position of microorganisms inhabiting museum objects, the evaluation of different existing molecular techniques is necessary, for instance genetic fingerprinting, ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, bioinformatics or metagenomics. Identification of microbial metabolic products is possible with the help of recently emerged approach, metabolomics. In this paper some current research techniques in use for the evaluation of biodeterioration of historical objects are presented.

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2015
• Volume: 64
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 57-69

Dates

published

2015

Contributors

author

Justyna Adamiak

• Instytut Technologii Fermentacji i Mikrobiologii, Politechnika Łódzka, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź,, Polska

author

Anna Otlewska

• Instytut Technologii Fermentacji i Mikrobiologii, Politechnika Łódzka, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź,, Polska

author

Beata Gutarowska

• Instytut Technologii Fermentacji i Mikrobiologii, Politechnika Łódzka, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź,, Polska

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