Związek pomiędzy poziomem heterozygotyczności a dostosowaniem osobnika.

• Authors: Małgorzata Gazda

Title variants

EN

Heterozygosity-fitness correlations.

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Zależności pomiędzy heterozygotycznością a dostosowaniem osobników, pomimo iż są badane już ponad 30 lat, ciągle stanowią przedmiot wielu dyskusji. Testowanie hipotezy o związkach heterozygotyczności z dostosowaniem opiera się na dwóch podstawowych założeniach: po pierwsze, poziom heterozygotyczności na przestrzeni genomu może być wykorzystany, jako miara stopnia kojarzeń w pokrewieństwie; po drugie, heterozygotyczność osobnika ma wpływ na jego dostosowanie. Związki heterozygotyczności z dostosowaniem tłumaczone się przy pomocy trzech kolejnych hipotez. Hipoteza efektu ogólnego zakłada, że heterozygotyczność badana w wielu loci odzwierciedla heterozygotyczność na poziomie całego genomu. Hipoteza efektu bezpośredniego zakłada przewagę heterozygoty wynikającą z jej względnej funkcjonalnej dominacji nad homozygotą. Hipoteza efektu lokalnego tłumaczy związek pomiędzy heterozygotycznością i dostosowaniem, jako rezultat fizycznego sprzężenia genów podlegających doborowi naturalnemu z neutralnymi markerami molekularnymi.

EN

Though heterozygosity-fitness correlations have been studied since more than three decades they are still a subject of discussions. Two assumptions for testing heterozygosity-fitness correlations are crucial: firstly, the heterozygosity across genome can be used as a measure of inbreeding; secondly, individual heterozygosity is correlated with fitness. In theoretical background, three hypotheses are suggested: general effect, direct effect and local effect. The general effect hypothesis suggests that heterozygosity in markers reflects heterozygosity at genome-wide loci. The direct effect hypothesis elucidates heterozygote advantage as a result of functional overdominance in comparison with homozygote. The local effect hypothesis explains heterozygosity-fitness correlation as a result of physical linkage between neutral molecular markers and closely linked gene fitness loci.

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 63
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 517-524

Dates

published

2014

Contributors

author

Małgorzata Gazda

• Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Polska

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