Rośliny hiperakumulujące metale

• Authors: Grażyna Szarek-Łukaszewska

Title variants

EN

Heavy metals hyperaccumulating plants

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Rośliny hiperakumulujące metale są interesujące, gdyż nie tylko tolerują bardzo duże ilości metali w glebie, ale gromadzą je w swych nadziemnych tkankach. Ilości te przekraczają poziomy uznane za toksyczne dla większości organizmów. W artykule, w oparciu o przegląd publikacji, głównie z ostatnich 10 lat, pokazano przykłady gatunków hiperakumulujących różne metale, a reprezentujących różne grupy taksonomiczne, formy morfologiczne i różne zasięgi geograficzne. Przedstawiono dyskusję nad kryteriami określającymi hiperakumulację (m.in. ilość metalu w roślinie, wydajność akumulacji i translokacji), które, mimo już kilkudziesięciu lat badań nad hiperakumulacją, nadal wymagają uściśleń. Opisano hipotezy dotyczące przyczyn powstania hiperakumulacji i korzyści dla roślin z niej płynących. Skupiono się na hipotezach dotyczących allelopatii i obrony przeciwko naturalnym wrogom. Pokazano, nadal nieliczne, ekologiczne badania skierowane na poznanie konsekwencji istnienia hiperakumulatorów w ekosystemie.

EN

Hyperaccumulators are an interesting group of plants which manages to survive under extreme environmental conditions. They tolerate high concentrations of heavy metals in soils and accumulate them in aboveground tissues. Thereby, the accumulated amounts may reach levels which are highly toxic for other organisms. In this paper, I present a review of recent literature focusing on examples of species which accumulate various metals and metalloids. The respective species represent various taxonomic and morphological groups of plants originating from a variety of geographical locations. The criteria of hyperaccumulation (i.e. metal concentrations in aboveground organs, the efficiency of accumulation and translocation), as well as hypotheses about evolution of accumulation (elemental allelopathy, elemental defense) are discussed. Furthermore, I summarize the effects of hyperaccumulators' presence on ecosystems based on results of a small existing set of ecological studies.

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 63
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 443-453

Dates

published

2014

Contributors

author

Grażyna Szarek-Łukaszewska

• Instytut Botaniki im. W. Szafera PAN, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Polska

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