Odpowiedź roślin na zranienie

• Authors: Halina Ślesak , Ireneusz Ślesak

Title variants

EN

The response of plants to wounding

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

PL

Rośliny narażone są na różnorodne biotyczne i abiotyczne czynniki stresowe, które mogą powodować zranienie organizmu roślinnego. Odpowiedź rośliny na uszkodzenie mechaniczne może mieć charakter lokalny i/lub systemowy i obejmuje m. in. transdukcję sygnału o zranieniu, która prowadzi do ekspresji wielu różnych genów. W odpowiedzi roślin na zranienie główną rolę odgrywa kwas jasmonowy i jego pochodne. Ważną rolę przypisuje się również innym związkom chemicznym, takim jak: oligopeptyd systemina, oligosacharydy, lotne związki organiczne oraz fitohormony (np. kwas abscysynowy). W odpowiedzi na zranienie biorą również udział czynniki fizyczne, takie jak: fala hydrauliczna, czy impulsy elektryczne. Wymienione komponenty szlaków sygnałowych są kontrolowane i regulowane przez interakcje z innymi wewnątrzkomórkowymi kaskadami sygnałowymi u roślin, do których należy: odwracalna fosforylacja białek, zmiany wewnątrzkomórkowego stężenia jonów wapnia, regulowane przez kalmodulinę oraz produkcja reaktywnych form tlenu, takich jak anionorodnik ponadtlenkowy i nadtlenek wodoru. Niektóre substancje chemiczne zaangażowane w transdukcję sygnału o zranieniu funkcjonują również w szlakach sygnałowych jako rezultat działania czynników stresowych, innych niż uszkodzenie mechaniczne, np. w reakcji na infekcję przez patogeny. Zrozumienie mechanizmów, które są odpowiedzialne za reakcje na zranienie, zarówno w obrębie organizmu roślinnego jak i w kontekście oddziaływania roślina - środowisko, ma istotne znaczenie poznawcze i może mieć zastosowanie praktyczne, zwłaszcza w szeroko pojętej ochronie roślin.

EN

Plants during life are exposed to different abiotic and biotic stress factors. Both of them can induce wounding of a plant body. Responses to mechanical damage are local or/and systemic and hence involve the transduction of wound signals to activate the expression of various genes. In plant responses to wounding the central role plays jasmonic acid and its derivatives, but other compounds, including the oligopeptide systemin, oligosaccharides, volatile organic compounds and phytohormones e. g. abscisic acid are also important. Additionally, physical factors such as hydraulic pressure or electrical pulses, have also been proposed as a crucial factors involved in wound signaling. These components of signaling pathways are controlled in time and space by highly complex regulatory networks modulated by interactions with other signaling cascades in plants. They include reversible protein phosphorylation steps, calcium calmodulin-regulated events, and production of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide. Indeed, some of these components involved in transducing of wound signals also function in signaling of other plant defence responses, mainly in pathogen responses, suggesting that cross-talk events may regulate temporal and spatial activation of different defences. Understanding the ways in which wound signaling pathways are coordinated individually and in the context of the plants environment is crucial in the application of this knowledge to plants crop protection strategies.

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2011
• Volume: 60
• Issue: 3-4
• Pages: 445-457

Dates

published

2011

Contributors

author

Halina Ślesak

• Instytut Botaniki, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Grodzka 52, 31-044 Kraków, Polska

author

Ireneusz Ślesak

• Instytut Fizjologii Roślin im. Franciszka Górskiego PAN, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Polska

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