Wysiłek fizyczny - ważny czynnik w walce z otyłością

• Authors: Krystyna Nazar

Title variants

EN

Physical activity in prevention and treatment of obesity

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

EN

The effect of long-term (months, years) increased physical activity on energy balance is of importance for weight gain prevention. However, since increment in daily energy expenditure could be easily compensated by increased food intake, exercise program without dietary intervention usually is insufficient to control weight in persons who are already overweight. The effect of increased physical activity in conjunction with low-energy diet is clearly beneficial beyond weight reduction. Obesity, especially visceral obesity with fat accumulation within abdominal cave, is a condition associated with metabolic syndrome promoting cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus type 2 and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome including abdominal (visceral) adiposity, hypertension, high levels of plasma triglycerides, lipoproteins of low density, and high blood glucose concentration, dramatically increases worldwide in association with sedentary life style. Exercise, even without weight reduction, has potential to decrease risk factors of metabolic syndrome, mainly due to increase tissue ability to oxidize fatty acids released from adipose tissue and improvement of muscle and other tissues insulin sensitivity. Another beneficial effect of adding physical exercise to the dietary treatment of obesity is an enhancement of physical working capacity due to improvement of cardiorespiratory function, increase of body flexibility, balance capacity, and prevention of a decrease of muscle strength caused by muscle tissue wasting, which is a consequence of calorie restricted diet. There is also evidence that exercise has reducing effect on depression and anxiety and can improve mood state, physical self-perception and self-esteem. The recommended amount of exercise for health benefit corresponds with energy expenditure of approx. 2000 kcal/week. It encompasses aerobic exercise (e.g. brisk walking, nordic walking, bicycling, swimming and cross-country skiing) and moderate resistance training increasing muscle strength.

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2010
• Volume: 59
• Issue: 3-4
• Pages: 395-402

Dates

published

2010

Contributors

author

Krystyna Nazar

• Zakład Fizjologii Stosowanej, Instytut Medycyny Doświadczalnej i Klinicznej im. Mirosława Mossakowskiego PAN, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warszawa, Polska

References

• Antuna-Puente B., Feve B., Fellahi S., Bastard J. P., 2008. Adipokines: the missing link between insulin resistance and obesity. Diabet. Metab. 34, 2-11.
• Bak H., Petersen L., Sørensen T. I., 2004.Physical activity in relation to development and maintenance of obesity in men with and without juvenile onset obesity. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 28, 99-104.
• Björntorp P., 1997. Body fat distribution, insulin resistance, and metabolic diseases. Nutrition 13, 795-803.
• Brooks G. C., Blaha M. J., Blumenthal R. S., 2010. Relation of C-reactive protein to abdominal adiposity. Am. J. Cardiol. 106, 56-61.
• Christ-Roberts C. Y., Pratipanawatr T., Pratipanawatr W., Berria R., Belfort R., Kashyap S., Mandarino L. J., 2004. Exercise training increases glycogen synthase activity and GLUT4 expression but not insulin signaling in overweight nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. Metabolism 53,1233-1242.
• Da Silva A. A., Do Carmo J., Dubinion J., Hall J. E., 2009. The role of the sympathetic nervous system in obesity-related hypertension. Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 11, 206-211.
• Després J. P., Pouliot M. C., Moorjani S., Nadeau A., Tremblay A., Lupien P. J., Thériault G., Bouchard C., 1991. Loss of abdominal fat and metabolic response to exercise training in obese women. Am. J. Physiol. 261, E159-E167.
• Drygas W., Kostka T., Jegier A., Kuński H., 2000. Long-term effects of different physical activity levels on coronary heart disease risk factors in middle-aged men. Int. J. Sports Med. 21, 235-241.
• Drygas W., Jegier A., Bednarek-Gejo A., Kwaśniewska M., Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E., Kostka T., 2005. Poziom aktywności fizycznej jako czynnik warunkujący występowanie otyłości i zespołu metabolicznego u mężczyzn w wieku średnim. Wyniki wieloletnich badań prospektywnych. Przegl. Lek. 62 (Suppl. 3), 8-13.
• Ekelund U., Franks P. W., Sharp S., Brage S., Wareham N. J., 2007. Increase in physical activity energy expenditure is associated with reduced metabolic risk independendent of change in fatness and fitness. Diabet. Care 30, 2101-2106.
• Eriksson M., Udden J., Hemmingsson E., Agewall S., 2010. Impact of physical activity and body composition on heart function and morphology in middle-aged, abdominally obese women. Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging 30, 354-359.
• Fox K. R., 1999. The influence of physical activity on mental well-being. Public. Health. Nutr. 2, 411-418.
• Goodpaster B. H, Katsiaras A. , Kelley D. E., 2003. Enhanced fat oxidation through physical activity is associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity in obesity. Diabetes 52 , 2191 - 2197.
• Henson L. C., Poole D. C., Donahoe C. P., Heber D., 1987. Effects of exercise training on resting energy expenditure during caloric restriction. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 46, 893-899.
• Hughes V. A., Fiatarone M. A., Fielding R. A., Kahn B. B., Ferrara C. M., Shepherd P., Fisher E. C., Wolfe R. R., Elahi D., Evans W. J., 1993. Exercise increases muscle GLUT-4 levels and insulin action in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Am. J. Physiol. 264, E855-E862.
• Janssen I., Fortier A., Hudson R., Ross R., 2002. Effects of an energy-restrictive diet with or without exercise on abdominal fat, intermuscular fat, and metabolic risk factors in obese women. Diabet. Care 25, 431-438.
• Jéquier E., 1984. Energy expenditure in obesity. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 13, 563-580.
• Johnson N. A., George J., 2010. Fitness versus fatness: moving beyond weight loss in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hemotology 52, 370-381.
• Kopff B., Jegier A., 2005. Adipokiny: adiponektyna, leptyna, rezystyna a ryzyko choroby niedokrwiennej serca. Przegl. Lek. 62 (Suppl. 3), 69-72.
• Kraus W. E., Houmard J. A., Duscha B. D., Knetzger K. J., Wharton M. B., Mccartney J. S., Bales C. W., Henes S., Samsa G. P., Otvos J. D., Kulkarni K. R., Slentz C. A., 2002. Effects of the amount and intensity of exercise on plasma lipoproteins. N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 1483-1492.
• Krysiak R., Okopień B., Herman Z. S., 2005. Tkanka tłuszczowa - nowy gruczoł wydzielania wewnętrznego. Przegl. Lek. 62, 919-923.
• >Lee I. M., Djoussé L., Sesso H. D., Wang L., Buring J. E., 2010. Physical activity and weight gain prevention . JAMA 303 , 1173 -1179.
• Mottillo S., Filion K. B., Genest J., Joseph L., Pilote L., Poirier P., Rinfret S., Schiffrin E. L., Eisenberg M. J., 2010. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 56, 1113-1132.
• Orlik B., Handzlik G., Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M., 2010. Rola adipokin i insulinooporności w patogenezie niealkoholowej stłuszczeniowej choroby wątroby . Post. Hig. Med. Dośw. 64, 212-219.
• Pavlou K. N., Steffee W. P., Lerman R. H., Burrows B. A., 1985. Effects of dieting and exercise on lean body mass, oxygen uptake, and strength. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 17, 466-471.
• Poehlman E. T., 1989. A review: exercise and its influence on resting energy metabolism in man. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 21, 515-525.
• Rice B., Janssen I., Hudson R., Ross R., 1999. Effects of aerobic or resistance exerciseand/or diet on glucose tolerance and plasma insulin levels in obese men. Diabet. Care 22, 684-691.
• Saris W. H., 1995. Effects of energy restriction and exercise on the sympathetic nervous system. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 19 (Suppl. 7), S17-S23.
• Segal K. R, Blando L., Ginsberg-Fellner F., Edaño A., 1992. Postprandial thermogenesis at rest and postexercise before and after physical training in lean, obese, and mildly diabetic men. Metabolism 41, 868-878.
• Stefan N., Kantartzis K., Häring H. U., 2008. Causes and metabolic consequences of fatty liver. Endocr. Rev. 29, 939-960.
• Thomas T. R., Warner S. O., Dellsperger K. C., Hinton P. S., Whaley-Connell A. T., Rector R. S., Liu Y., Linden M. A., Chockalingam A.,Thyfault J. P., Huyette D. R., Wang Z., Cox R. H., 2010. Exercise and the metabolic syndrome with weight regain. J. Appl. Physiol. 109, 3-10.
• Wood P. D., Stefanick M. L., Williams P. T., Haskell W. L., 1991. The effects on plasma lipoproteins of a prudent weight-reducing diet, with or without exercise, in overweight men and women. N. Engl. J. Med. 325, 461-466.