Neuropsychologia starzenia poznawczego

• Authors: Iwona Kołodziejczyk

Title variants

EN

Neuropsychology of cognitive aging

• Languages of publication: PL EN

Abstracts

EN

The increase of the proportion of elderly people in population has provoked growing interest for aging in scientific research. Two alternative approaches explaining the process of aging have been proposed. According to the first one, aging process is programmed and regulated by genes. The second approach suggests that aging is an effect of environmental insults to the organisms that induce progressive damage and, in consequence, death. Important age-related changes in human brain structure and function have been observed. The shrinkage of the brain is accompanied by an increase of white mater lesions frequency and changes in neurotransmission. In functional imaging studies the decrease of cerebral blood flow and metabolic rate has been reported as well as the reduction of hemispheric asymmetry during cognitive tasks. Dramatical age-related changes have been also described in cognitive processes. The vision and hearing worsens and speech comprehension problems may appear. Major changes in attentional mechanisms have been observed. Fluid intelligence decreases, whereas crystallized abilities remain relatively intact. Several factors have been shown to influence the process of aging, among which sex, education and physical as well as intellectual activity through the life span have gained most attention. The age-related changes in cognition have been explained in terms of slowing of information processing speed, frontal lobe dysfunction, brain integrity or attentional and working memory deficits.

• Journal: Kosmos
• Year: 2007
• Volume: 56
• Issue: 1-2
• Pages: 49-62

Dates

published

2007

Contributors

author

Iwona Kołodziejczyk

• Pracownia Psychofizjologii, Instytut Biologii Doświadczalnej im. M. Nenckiego PAN, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Polska

References

• Almkvist O., 2000. Functional brain imaging as a looking-glass into the degraded brain: reviewing evidence from Alzheimer disease in relation to normal aging. Acta Psychol. 105, 255-277.
• Andersen-Ranberg K., Christensen K., Jeune B., Skytthe A., Vasegaard L., Vaupel J. W., 1999. Declining physical abilities with age: a cross-sectional study of older twins and centenarians in Denmark. Age Ageing 28, 373-377.
• Andersen-Ranberg K., Schroll M., Jeune B., 2001. Healthy centenarians do not exist, but autonomous centenarians do: a population-based study of morbidity among Danish centenarians. J. Am. Geriatric Soc. 49, 900-908.
• Backman L., Almkvist O., Andersson J., Nordberg A., Winblad B., Reineck R., Långstrom B., 1997. Brain activation in young and older adults during implicit and explicit retrieval. J. Cognitive Neurosci. 9, 378-391.
• Balcombe N. R., Sinclair A., 2001. Ageing: definitions, mechanisms and the magnitude of the problem. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 15, 835-849.
• Baltes P. B., 1993. The aging mind: potential and limits. Gerontologist 33, 580-594.
• Birren J. E., Fisher L. M., 1995. Aging and speed of behavior: Possible consequences for psychological functioning. Ann. Rev. Psychol. 46, 329-353.
• Brzezińska A., Trempała J., 2002. Wprowadzenie do psychologii rozwoju. [W:] Psychologia Podręcznik akademicki. Podstawy psychologii. Strelau J. (red.). Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne, Gdańsk, 229-283.
• Cabeza R., 2001. Cognitive neuroscience of aging: Contributions of functional neuroimaging. Scand. J. Psychol. 42, 277-286.
• Cabeza R., 2002. Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults: The HAROLD model. Psychol. Aging 17, 85-100.
• Cattell R. B., 1971. Abilities: their structure, growth, and action. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
• Christensen H., 2001. What cognitive changes can be expected with normal ageing? Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 35, 768-775.
• Coffey C. E., Lucke J. F., Saxton J. A., Ratcliff G., Unitas L. J., Billig B., Bryan R. N., 1998. Sex differences in brain aging: a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study. Archiv. Neurol. 55, 169-179.
• Colcombe S., Kramer A. F., 2003. Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: a meta-analytic study. Psychol. Sci. 14, 125-130.
• Corso J. F., 1971. Sensory processes and age effects in normal adults. J. Gerontol. 26, 90-105.
• Deary I. J., Whiteman M. C., Starr J. M., Whalley L. J., Fox H. C., 2004. The impact of childhood intelligence on later life: following up the Scottish Mental Surveys of 1932 and 1947. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 86, 130-147.
• Fabre C., Chamari K., Mucci P., Masse-Biron J., refaut C., 2002. Improvement of cognitive function by mental and/or individualized aerobic training in healthy elderly subjects. International J. Sports Med. 23, 415-421.
• Fozard J. L., Vercryssen M., Reynolds S. L., Hancock P. A., Quilter R.E., 1994. Age differences and changes in reaction time: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J. Gerontonyol. 49, P179-P189.
• Frozard J. L., Gordon-Salant S., 2001. Changes in vision and hearing with aging. [W:] Handbook of the psychology of aging. Birren J. E., Schaie K. W. (red.). Academic Press, San Diego, 241-266.
• Golomb J., de Leon M. J., Kluger A., George A. E., Tarshish C., Ferris S. H., 1993. Hippocampal atrophy in normal aging. An association with recent memory impairment. Archiv. Neurol. 50, 967-973.
• Herman W. A., Łącka K., 2005. Współczesne poglądy na etiopatogenezę procesu starzenia. Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski 18, 96-100.
• Ho S. C., Woo J., Sham A., Chan S. G., Yu A. L., 2001. A 3-year follow-up study of social, lifestyle and health predictors of cognitive impairment in a Chinese older cohort. Int. J. Epidemiol. 30, 1389-1396.
• Klein C., Fischer B., Hartnegg K., Heiss W. H., Roth M., 2000. Optomotor and neuropsychological performance in old age. Exp. Brain Res. 135, 141-154.
• Kowalska D. M., Kuśmierek P., 2005. Anatomiczne podstawy pamięci. [W:] Mózg a zachowanie. Górska T., Grabowska A., Zagrodzka J. (red.). Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa, 349-374.
• Kramer A. F., Bherer L., Colcombe S. J., Dong W., Greenough W. T., 2004. Environmental influences on cognitive and brain plasticity during aging. J. Gerontol., A: Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 59, M940-M957.
• Kramer A. F., Erickson K. I., Colcombe S.J., 2006. Exercise, cognition, and the aging brain. J. Appl. Physiol. 101, 1237-1242.
• Le Carret N., Lafont S., Letenneur L., Dartigues J.-F., Mayo W., Fabrigoule C., 2003. The effect of education on cognitive performances and its implication for the constitution of the cognitive reserve. Devel. Neuropsychol. 23, 317-337.
• Lezak M. D., 1995. Neuropsychological Assessment. Oxford University Press.
• Lindenberger U., Baltes P. B., 1994. Sensory functioning and intelligence in old age: a strong connection. Psychol. Aging 9, 339-355.
• Maruszewski T., 2002. Pamięć jako podstawowy mechanism przechowywania doświadczenia. [W:] Psychologia Podręcznik akademicki, tom 2 - Psychologia ogólna. Strelau J. (red.). Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne, Gdańsk, 137-164.
• Mather M., Carstensen L. L., 2005. Aging and motivated cognition: the positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends Cognit. Sci. 9, 496-502.
• Meinz E. J., Salthouse T. A., 1998. Is age kinder to females than to males? Psychonom. Bull. Rev. 5, 56-70.
• Metcalfe J. (red.), 1998. The brain - degeneration, damage and disorder. Springer.
• Milgram N. W., Siwak-Tapp C. T., Araujo J., Head E., 2006. Neuroprotective effects of cognitive enrichment. Ageing Res. Rev. 5, 354-369.
• Murphy D. G., DeCarli C., McIntosh A. R., Daly E., Mentis M. J., Pietrini P., Szczepanik J., Schapiro M. B., Grady C. L., Horwitz B., Rapoport S. I., 1996. Sex differences in human brain morphometry and metabolism: an in vivo quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography study on the effect of aging. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 53, 585-594.
• Nęcka E., 2002a. Inteligencja. [W:] Psychologia Podręcznik akademicki, tom 2 - Psychologia ogólna. Strelau J. (red.). Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne, Gdańsk, 721-760.
• Nęcka E., 2002b. Procesy uwagi. [W:] Psychologia Podręcznik akademicki, tom 2 - Psychologia ogólna. Strelau J. (red.). Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne, Gdańsk, 77-96.
• Oguro H., Okada K., Yamaguchi S., Kobayashi S., 1998. Sex differences in morphology of the brain stem and cerebellum with normal ageing. Neuroradiology 40, 788-792.
• Park D., 1999. The basic mechanisms accounting for age-related decline in cognitive function. [W:] Cognitive aging: a Primer. Park D. C., Schwarz R. (red.). Psychology Press, Philadelphia, 3-21.
• Pichora-Fuller M. K., 2003. Processing speed and timing in aging adults: psychoacoustics, speech perception, and comprehension. Int. J. Audiol. 42, S59-S67.
• Pichora-Fuller M. K., Souza P. E., 2003. Effects of aging on auditory processing of speech. Int. J. Audiol. 42, S11-S16.
• Reber A. S., 2000. Słownik Psychologii. Wydawnictwo Naukowe SCHOLAR, Warszawa.
• Resnick S. M., Pham D. L., Kraut M. A., Zonderman A.B., Davatzikos C., 2003. Longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies of older adults: a shrinking brain. J. Neurosci. 23, 3295-3301.
• Reuter-Lorenz P. A., 1999. Cognitive neuropsychology of the aging brain. [W:] Cognitive aging: a Primer. Park D. C., Schwarz R. (red.). Psychology Press, Philadelphia, 93-114.
• Salthouse T. A., 1996. The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychol. Rev. 103, 403-428.
• Schaie K. W., 1994. The course of adult intellectual development. Am. Psychologist 49, 304-313.
• Schretlen D., Pearlson G. D., Anthony J. C., Aylward E. H., Augustine A. M., Davis A., Barta P., 2000. Elucidating the contributions of processing speed, executive ability, and frontal lobe volume to normal age-related differences in fluid intelligence. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 6, 52-61.
• Semsei I., 2000. On the nature of aging. Mech. Ageing Dev. 117, 93-108.
• Ska B., Joanette Y., 2006. Vieillissement normal et cognition. Médecine/Science 22, 284-287.
• Strong R., 1998. Neurochemical changes in the aging human brain: implications for behavioral impairment and neurodegenerative disease. Geriatrics 53 (Suppl. 1), S9-S12.
• Tisserand D. J., Jolles J., 2003. On the involvement of prefrontal networks in cognitive ageing. Cortex 39, 1107-1128.
• Trollor J. N., Valenzuela M. J., 2001. Brain ageing in the new millennium. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 35, 788-805.
• Weinert B. T., Timiras P. S., 2003. Invited review: Theories of aging. J. Appl. Physiol. 95, 1706-1716.
• West R.L., 1996. An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging. Psychol. Bull. 120, 272-292.
• Wingfield A., 1999. Speech perception and the comprehension of spoken language in adult aging. [W:] Cognitive aging: a Primer. Park D. C., Schwarz R. (red.). Psychology Press, Philadelphia, 175-195.
• Xu J., Kobayashi S., Yamaguchi S., Iijima K., Okada K., Yamashita K., 2000. Gender effects on age-related changes in brain structure. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 21, 112-118.
• Zec R. F., 1995. The neuropsychology of aging. Exp. Gerontol. 30, 431-442.
• Zimbardo P. G., 1999. Psychologia i życie. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.