Full-text resources of PSJD and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

PL EN


Preferences help
enabled [disable] Abstract
Number of results
2010 | 49 | 1 | 39-52

Article title

Sociological Approach on Sports Ethics in a Context of Social Change

Content

Title variants

Languages of publication

EN

Abstracts

EN
In exploring sports ethics as a sociological phenomenon, I have tried to demonstrate how alterations in the nomos of the field of competitive practices (in the sense of Bourdieu), have unexpectedly unleashed a chain of events that have ultimately weakened the ethical principles of modern sport, imposing contradictions upon the way these are manifested in practice. Our theoretical approach to ethics was developed from the contribution of Durkheim, Weber and Elias.The universe of our study was the Portuguese reality during the Democratic state as a case study of the phenomenon. The information collected in our research has required different methods of analysis (qualitative and quantitative) and sources of data (official statistics, news from media, participate observation and interviews).Of the changes that took place in the last quarter of the 20th century in the Portuguese sports field, I have identified the inextricable interdependence of sporting, economic and symbolic dimensions as the main determining factor behind the victory-oriented approach to sporting action, which in turn has led to a radicalization of rival interests and an intensification of competition.As a result of this, there have been changes in the ethos of sporting interaction, weakening the principle of fair play and leading to an increase in practices that undermine it. This has meant that refereeing has become much more difficult, with increased distrust in the fairness of the competition, a situation which is aggravated by cases of corruption and doping. In this context, actors and organizations have become more involved in the ethical regulation of their sport in the Portuguese society. As a result, regulation has become more flexible and open to negotiation, both through institutional channels, and through strategies of pressure and persuasion in the (highly mediatized) public sphere. Thus, contingent solidarities have been strengthened to the detriment of organic solidarities.The growing distrust, together with the dynamics of surveillance and supervision launched in the 1990s, have also contributed to the activation of mechanical solidarities within groups with shared interests, in a context of opposition-confrontation or radicalization. This has been propitious to manifestations of collective violent revolt, and to the institution of forms of premeditated violence between some groups of ultra fans. Consequently, the undermining of ethical regularization has become even more visible, particularly in the field of top-level professional football.In response to the specific nature of the ethical conflicts in the sports figuration, states have intervened at national and European level by enshrining ethical principles in the form of legal provisions, defining systems of sanctions and penalties. This has resulted in a weakening of the autonomy enjoyed by sporting organizations, a principle that ultimately derived from the freedom of sporting associative movement in civil society.

Keywords

Publisher

Year

Volume

49

Issue

1

Pages

39-52

Physical description

Dates

published
1 - 10 - 2010
online
16 - 12 - 2010

Contributors

  • Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Portugal

References

  • Alberoni, F. (1997). Valores. Lisboa: Bertrand Editora.
  • Andreff, W., Nys, J.-F. (2001). Économie du Sport (4th ed.). Paris: PUF.
  • Armstrong, G. (2000). Football Hooligans. Knowing the score (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford International Publishers.
  • Armstrong, G., Giulianotti R. (Eds.) (2001). Fear and Loathing in World Football. Oxford: Oxford International Publishers.
  • Bauman, Z. (1997). Ética Pós-Moderna. São Paulo: Paulus.
  • Beck, U., Giddens, A., Lash, S. (2000). Modernização Reflexiva. Política, Tradição e Estética no Mundo Moderno. Oeiras: Celta.
  • Besnard, P. (1987). L'anomie. Paris: PUF.
  • Boudon, R. (1990). O Lugar da Desordem. Lisboa: Gradiva.
  • Boudon, R. (2002). Déclin de la Morale? Déclin des Valeur? Paris: PUF.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1987). Choses dites. Paris: Les Éditions de Minuit.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1994a). O Poder Simbólico (3rd ed.). Lisboa: Difel.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1994b). Les jeux olympiques. Programme pour une analyse. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, 103, 102-103.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1997). Razões Práticas. Sobre a teoria da acção. Oeiras: Celta Editora.
  • Brohm, J.-M. (1992). Sociologie politique du sport (2nd ed.). Nancy: PUN.
  • Brown, A. (Ed.) (1998). Fanatics! Power, identity e fandom in football. London: Routledge.
  • Charrier, D. (1995). Les flux économiques structurants du marché du sport. In A. Loret (Coord.), Sport et management. De L'Éthique à la Pratique (pp. 553-575). Paris: Éditions Revue.
  • Chifflet, P. (2001). Sport professionnel et politiques sportives publiques: deux logiques antinomiques. In A. Menaut & M. Reneaud (Orgs.), Sport de haut niveau. Sport professionnel en région(s) (pp. 65-78). Bordeaux: MSHA.
  • Crozier, M., Friedberg, E. (1977). L'Acteur et le système. Paris: Seuil.
  • Dauncey, H., Hare, G. (Eds.) (1999). France and the 1998 World Cup: The National Impact of a World Sporting Event. London: Frank Cass.
  • Delanty, G. (2000). Modernity and Postmodernity. London: Sage Publications.
  • Dunning, E. (1999). Sport Matters. Sociological Studies of Sport, Violence and Civilization. London: Routledge.
  • Dunning, E., Murphy, P. & Waddington, I. & Astrinakis, A. E. (Eds.) (2002). Fighting Fans. Football Holliganism as a World Phenomenon. Dublin: University College Dublin Press.
  • Durkheim, É. (1977 [1893]). A Divisão do Trabalho Social. Lisboa: Editorial Presença.
  • Durkheim, É. (1991 [1895]). As Regras do Método Sociológico (4th ed.). Lisboa: Editorial Presença.
  • Elias, N. (1980). Introdução à Sociologia. Lisboa: Edições 70.
  • Elias, N. (1989, 1990 [1939]). O Processo Civilizacional (vol.1○, 2○). Lisboa: Pub. D. Quixote.
  • Elias, N. (1993 [1939-1987]). A Sociedade dos Indivíduos. Lisboa: Pub. D. Quixote.
  • Elias, N., Dunning, E. (1986). Quest for Excitement. Sport and Leisure in the Civilising Process. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Esteves, J. P. (2003). A Ética da Comunicação e os Media Modernos. Legitimidade e Poder nas Sociedades Complexas (2). Lisboa: Fundação C. Gulbenkian.
  • Ferstle, J. (2001). World Conference on Doping in Sport. In W. Wilson & E. Derse (Eds.), Doping in Elite Sport. The Politics of Drugs in the Olympic Movement (275-286). Champaign IL: Human Kinetics Publishers.
  • Finn, G. P. T., Giulianotti, R. (Eds.) (2000). Football Culture. Local Contests, Global Visions. London: Frank Cass.
  • Foucault, M. (1986 [1975]). Vigiar e Punir. História da Violěncia nas Prisões (4th ed.). Petrópolis: Vozes.
  • França, L. (Coord.) (1993). Portugal, Valores Europeus Identidade Cultural. Lisboa: IED.
  • Giddens, A. (1994). Modernidade e Identidade Pessoal. Oeiras: Celta Editora.
  • Giddens, A. (1995). As Consequěncias da Modernidade. Oeiras: Celta Editora.
  • Giddens, A. (1997). Para além da Esquerda e da Direita. Oeiras: Celta Editora.
  • Giddens, A. (2000). Viver numa Sociedade Pós-Tradicional. In U. Beck, A. Giddens & S. Lash, Modernização Reflexiva. Política, Tradição e Estética no Mundo Moderno (pp. 53-104). Oeiras: Celta.
  • Giulianotti, R. (2000). Football. A sociology of the global game (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Goffman, E. (1993 [1956]). A Apresentação do Eu na Vida de Todos os Dias. Lisboa: Relógio D'Água.
  • Hargreaves, J. (1998a [1986]). Sport, Power and Culture (5th ed.). Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Hargreaves, J. (1998b). Olympism and Nationalism: some Preliminary Considerations, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 27 (2), 119-138.
  • Horta, L. (Coord.) (1999). Lutte contre le dopage dans le sport au Portugal en défense de l'athlète/Fight against doping in Portugal in defence of the athlete. Lisboa: SED.
  • Hourcade, N. (2002). Supporterism: Ultras and World of Football. In M. Comeron & P. Vanbellingen (Coords.), Prevention of violence in football stadiums in Europe (pp. 43-41). Liège: Eurofan.
  • Ladrière, P. (2001). Pour une Sociologie de l'Éthique. Paris: PUF.
  • Maffesoli, M. (1988). Le temps des tribus. Le déclin de l'individualisme dans les sociétés postmodernes. Paris: La Table Ronde.
  • Mannheim, K. (s.d.a. [1928]). Sociologia do Conhecimento (vol. I, II). Porto: Rés Editora.
  • Marivoet, S. (2002a). Violent disturbances in Portuguese football. In E. Dunning et al. (Eds.), fighting fans. Football Hooliganism as a World Phenomenon (pp. 158-173). Dublin: University College Dublin Press.
  • Marivoet, S. (2002b). The Public at Football Stadiums/ Le public des stades de football. In M. Comeron & P. Vanbellingen (Coords). La prévention de la violence dans les stades de football en Europe / Prevention of violence in football stadiums in Europe (pp. 22-28 / 24-30). Liège: Eurofan.
  • Marivoet, S. (2006a). Euro 2004™ Um evento global em Portugal. Lisboa: Livros Horizonte.
  • Marivoet, S. (2006b). UEFA Euro 2004™ Portugal: The social construction of a sports mega-event and spectacle. In J. Horne & W. Manzenreiter (Eds.), Sports Mega-Events. Social Scientific Analyses of a Global Phenomenon (pp. 127-143). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Marivoet, S. (2007). Ética do Desporto - Princípios, Práticas e Conflitos. Análise sociológica do caso portuguěs durante o Estado Democrático do século XX. Lisboa: ISCTE-IUL.
  • Merton, R. K. (1970 [1949]). Sociologia. Teoria e Estrutura. São Paulo: Editora Mestre Jou.
  • Mills, C. W. (1981 [1956]). A Elite do Poder (4th ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Zahar Editores.
  • Mintzberg, H. (2004). Le Management. Voyage au centre des organisations (2nd). Paris: Éditions d'Organisation.
  • Morin, E. (1984). Pour sortir du XXe siècle (2nd ed.). Paris: Coll. Points.
  • Parsons, T. (1976 [1959]). El Sistema Social (2nd ed.). Madrid: Biblioteca de la Revista de Occidente.
  • Podaliri, C., Balestri, C. (1998). The ultràs, racism and football culture in Italy. In A. Brown (Ed.), Fanatics! power, identity e fandom in football (pp. 88-100). London: Routledge.
  • Rigauer, B. (1993). Sport and the Economy: A Development Perspective. In E. Dunning, J. Maguire & R. Pearton (Eds.), The Sports Process - A comparative and developmental approach (pp. 281-305). Champaign IL: Human Kinetics Publishers.
  • Roche, M. (2000). Mega-Events and Modernity. Olympics and expos in the growth of global culture. London: Routledge.
  • Roumestan, N. (1998). Les Supporters de Football. Paris: Anthropos.
  • Sennett, R. (2001). A Corrosão do Carácter. As consequěncias pessoais do trabalho no novo capitalismo. Lisboa: Terramar.
  • Simmel, G. (1986 [1918]). El Individuo y la Libertad. Ensayos de crítica de la cultura. Barcelona: Ediciones Península.
  • Stott, C., Hutchison, P., Drry, J. (2001). Hooligans' abroad? Inter-group dynamics, social identity and participation in collective ‘disorder’ at the 1998 World Cup Finals. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 359-384.[Crossref]
  • Touraine, A. (1994). Crítica da Modernidade. Lisboa: Instituto Piaget.
  • Touraine, A. (1996). O Retorno do Actor. Ensaio sobre Sociologia. Lisboa: Instituto Piaget.
  • Vidal, J. M. (2004). Justiça em Crise? Lisboa: Quetzal Editores.
  • Volkwein, K. A. E. (1995). Ethics and Top-Level Sport - A Paradox? International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 30 (3/4), 311-321.
  • Waddington, I. (1996). The Development of Sports Medicine. Sociology of Sport Journal, 17, 176-196.
  • Waddington, I. (2001). Sport, Health and Drugs. A critical sociological perspective. London: Spon Press.
  • Weber, M. (1990 [1905]). A Ética Protestante e o Espírito do Capitalismo (3th ed.). Lisboa: Editorial Presença.
  • Weber, M. (2001 [1912]). Conceitos Sociológicos Fundamentais. Lisboa, Edições 70.

Document Type

Publication order reference

Identifiers

YADDA identifier

bwmeta1.element.-psjd-doi-10_2478_v10141-010-0015-z
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.