Kinetics of the continuous reaction crystallization of barium sulphate in BaCl2 - (NH4)2 SO4 - NaCl - H2O system - neural network model

• Authors: Krzysztof Piotrowski , Joanna Koralewska , Bogusława Wierzbowska , Andrzej Matynia
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

One of the main toxic components of post quenching salts formed in large quantities during steel hardening processes is BaCl2. This dangerous ingredient can be chemically neutralized after dissolution in water by means of reaction crystallization with solid ammonium sulphate (NH4)2 SO4. The resulting size distribution of the ecologically harmless crystalline product - BaSO4 - is an important criteria deciding about its further applicability. Presence of a second component of binary quenching salt mixture (BaCl2-NaCl) in water solution, NaCl, influences the reaction-crystallization process kinetics affecting the resulting product properties. The experimental 39 input-output data vectors containing the information about the continuous reaction crystallization in BaCl2 - (NH4)2 SO4 - NaCl - H2 O system ([BaCl2]RM = 10-24 mass %, [NaCl]RM = 0-12 mass %, T = 305-348 K and τ = 900-9000 s) created the database for the neural network training and validation. The applicability of diversified network configurations, neuron types and training strategies were verified. An optimal network structure was used for the process modeling.

Keywords

EN

barium sulphate; sodium ions; used quenching salts; steel hardening; barium chloride; reaction crystallization kinetics; population density distribution; chemical neutralization; solid waste utilization; neural network model

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
• Year: 2009
• Volume: 11
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 13-19

Dates

published

1 - 1 - 2009

online

8 - 1 - 2010

Contributors

author

Krzysztof Piotrowski

• Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ks. M. Strzody 7, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland

author

Joanna Koralewska

• Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

author

Bogusława Wierzbowska

• Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

author

Andrzej Matynia

• Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

References

• Matynia, A., Wlazło, P., Górecki, H. & Hoffmann, J. (1998). The way of barium sulphate production, Pol. Pat., Appl. No.: P-328476.
• Matynia, A., Górecki, H. & Wlazło, P. (1999). Crystallization of barium sulphate in the case hardening wastes treatment process, in: Proceedings of 14th Symposium on Industrial Crystallization, Institution of Chemical Engineers, Cambridge, England, CD-ROM No. 0163.
• Matynia, A., Wierzbowska, B., Wlazło, P., Kozak, E. & Bechtold, Z. (1999). A technological-apparatus design of the process line for processing of used quenching salts. Inż. Ap. Chem. 38(1) 11-15 (in Polish).
• Matynia, A., Hoffmann, J. & Wlazło, P. (1999). Research on case used quenching wastes treatment process products utilization. Chem. Inż. Ekol. 6, 207-216 (in Polish).
• Matynia, A. (2002). Used quenching salts treatment process. Env. Prot. Eng. 28(2), 77-94.
• Matynia, A., Wlazło, P., Górecki, H. & Hoffmann, J. (2004). The way of liquid mineral fertilizer production. Pol. Pat. No.: 186629.
• Nielsen, A. E. (1964). Kinetics of Precipitation. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press.
• Randolph, A. D. & Larson, M. A. (1988). Theory of Particulate Processes: Analysis and Techniques of Continuous Crystallization. New York, USA: Academic Press.
• Rojkowski, Z. & Synowiec, J. (1991). Crystallization and Crystallizers. Warszawa: WNT (in Polish).
• Mullin, J. W. (1992). Crystallization. Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heinemann.
• Söhnel, O. & Garside, J. (1993). Precipitation, Basic Principles and Industrial Applications. Boston, USA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
• Bałdyga, J. & Orciuch, W. (2001). Barium sulphate precipitation in a pipe ľ an experimental study and CFD modeling. Chem. Eng. Sci. 56(7), 2435-2444. DOI:10.1016/S0009-2509(00)00449-8.[Crossref]
• Wong, D. C. Y., Jaworski, Z. & Nienow, A. W. (2001). Effect of ion excess on particle size and morphology during barium sulphate precipitation: an experimental study. Chem. Eng. Sci. 56(3), 727-734. DOI:10.1016/S0009-2509(00)00282-7.[Crossref]
• Öncül, A. A., Sundmacher, K. & Thévenin, D. (2005). Numerical investigation of the influence of the activity coefficient on barium sulphate crystallization. Chem. Eng. Sci. 60(19), 5395-5405. DOI:10.1016/j.ces.2005.04.074.[Crossref]
• Öncül, A. A., Sundmacher, K., Seidel-Morgenstern, A. & Thévenin, D. (2006). Numerical and analytical investigation of barium sulphate crystallization. Chem. Eng. Sci. 61(2), 652-664. DOI:10.1016/j.ces.2005.07.037.[Crossref]
• Matynia, A., Wlazło, P. & Koralewska, J. (2001). The influence of residence time on the crystallization of barium sulphate in the process of barium ions precipitation by means of crystalline ammonium sulphate addition. Pol. J. Appl. Chem. XLIV (3-4), 91-107.
• Matynia, A., Wlazło, P. & Koralewska, J. (2001). The influence of barium sulphate crystallization parameters on its crystal size. Pol. J. Chem. Technol. 3(1), 15-20.
• Matynia, A. (2002). The quality of barium sulphate crystals obtained during continuous precipitation crystallization in the process of post quenching salts utilization. Pol. J. Chem. Technol. 4(4), 19-25.
• Matynia, A., Piotrowski, K., Koralewska, J. & Wierzbowska, B. (2003). Nucleation and growth kinetics of barium sulphate crystals in the used quenching salts processing technology. Ecol. Chem. and Eng. 10(8), 751-761.
• Matynia, A., Piotrowski, K., Koralewska, J. & Wierzbowska, B. (2004). Barium sulfate crystallization kinetics in the used quenching salts treatment process. Chem. Eng. Technol. 27(5), 559-568. DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200401878.[Crossref]
• Matynia, A., Koralewska, J., Piotrowski, K. & Małasińska, M. (2004). Size-dependent growth rate of barium sulphate in the used quenching salts processing technology. Chemistry for Agriculture 5, 544-552.
• Matynia, A., Piotrowski, K. & Koralewska, J. (2005). Barium sulphate crystallization kinetics in the process of barium ions precipitation by means of crystalline ammonium sulphate addition. Chem. Eng. Proc. 44(4), 485-495. DOI:10.1016/j.cep.2004.05.014.[Crossref]
• Koralewska, J., Matynia, A., Piotrowski, K. & Wierzbowska, B. (2006). Precipitation of barium ions with solid ammonium sulfate in a continuous DTM crystallizer with a liquid jet-pump of ascending suspension flow in a mixing chamber. Chem. Proc. Eng. 4(27), 1555-1579.
• Koralewska, J., Matynia, A., Piotrowski, K. & Wierzbowska, B. (2006). Crystallization of barium sulphate in a continuous DTM type crystallizer with a jet-pump of descending suspension flow in a mixing chamber, in: Materials of the 17th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering CHISA, Process Engineering Publisher, Praha, Czech Republic, CD-ROM No. 278.
• Koralewska, J., Piotrowski, K., Wierzbowska, B. & Matynia, A. (2008). Kinetics of barium sulphate reaction crystallization in crystallizers with internal circulation. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 25(2), 375-387. DOI: 10.1590/S0104-66322008000200015.[Crossref]
• Hoskins, J. C. & Himmelblau, D. M. (1988). Artificial neural network models of knowledge representation in chemical engineering. Comp. Chem. Eng. 12(9/10), 881-890. DOI:10.1016/0098-1354(88)87015-7.[Crossref]
• Tambe, S. S., Kulkarni, B. D. & Deshpande, P. B. (1996). Elements of Artificial Neural Networks with Selected Applications in Chemical Engineering, and Chemical & Biological Sciences. Louisville, USA: Simulation & Advanced Controls, Inc.
• Meert, K. & Rijckaert, M. (1998). Intelligent modelling in the chemical process industry with neural networks: a case study. Comp. Chem. Eng. Suppl. 22(S1), S587-S593. DOI:10.1016/S0098-1354(98)00104-5.[Crossref]
• Piotrowski, K., Koralewska, J., Wierzbowska, B., Matynia, A. & Piotrowski, J. (2007). Neural network model of barium sulphate reaction-crystallization in DTM type crystallizer with a jet-pump of descending suspension flow in a mixing chamber - study on process sensitivity in respect to selected parameters, in: Proceedings of 34th International Conference of Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology, Tatranske Matliare, Slovakia, CD-ROM - No 269.
• Piotrowski, K., Pentoś, K., Koralewska, J., Matynia, A. & Piotrowski, J. (2007). Neural model of influence of selected technological parameters on mean size and uniformity of barium sulphate crystals produced in a reaction-crystallization process in a DT MSMPR crystallizer, in: Proceedings of XIX Polish Conference of Chemical and Process Engineering, Rzeszów, Poland, III, 159-162.
• Pentoś, K., Piotrowski, K., Koralewska, J. & Matynia, A. (2008). Multilayer perceptron as the tool for modeling of reaction crystallization of barium sulphate in MSMPR crystallizer, in: Proceedings of International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Kunming, China, 3413-3417.
• Pentoś, K., Piotrowski, K., Koralewska, J. & Matynia, A. (2008). Parallel combination of feedforward artificial neural networks for modeling of reaction-crystallization process of barium sulphate precipitation in a DT MSMPR crystallizer. In Rutkowski, L., Tadeusiewicz, R., Zadeh, L. A. & Żurada, J. (Eds.), Computational Intelligence - Methods and Applications (pp. 57-68). Warszawa: Exit.
• Piotrowski, K., Koralewska, J. & Matynia, A. (2008). Jet-pump crystallizers in reaction-crystallization processes with solid reagent - barium sulphate precipitation study, in: Proceedings of International Symposium on Industrial Crystallization ISIC17, Maastricht, Netherlands, 2, 795-802.
• Piotrowski, K., Koralewska, J., Wierzbowska, B., Matynia, A. & Piotrowski, J. (2008). Continuous reaction-crystallization of barium sulphate in DTM type crystallizers - comparison of CSD predictions by neural network with SDG kinetic models, in: Proceedings of the 35th International Conference of Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, Tatranske Matliare, Slovakia, CD-ROM No. 59.
• Piotrowski, K., Koralewska, J., Wierzbowska, B. & Matynia, A. (2008). Kinetics of reaction crystallization of barium sulphate in DT MSMPR crystallizer in the presence of potassium ions - an neural network approach, in: Materials of the 18th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering CHISA 2008, Process Engineering Publisher, Praha, Czech Republic, CD-ROM No. 400.
• Lanouette, R., Thibault, J. & Valade, J. L. (1999). Process modeling with neural networks using small experimental datasets. Comp. Chem. Eng. 23(9), 1167-1176. DOI:10.1016/S0098-1354(99)00282-3.[Crossref]

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/v10026-009-0037-7