Genetic bottleneck among daghestan highlanders migrating to lowlands

• Authors: Kazima Bulayeva , Elizabeth Marchani , Olga Kurbatova , Scott Watkins , Oleg Bulayev , Henry Harpending
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

We present results of Short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) analysis and epidemiology study of indigenous ethnic highlanders of Daghestan and of the migrants from highlands to the lowland area in 1944, in comparison with native lowlanders. Results obtained show that demographically ancient highland ethnics have achieved a relatively stable equilibrium in their native environment and are characterized by optimal level of the main viability parameters (fertility, mortality, lifespan and morbidity). Migrants from highlands to the lowlands experienced dramatically increased morbidity and mortality in 1944–1947: up to 65–70% of total migrants had suffered malaria, typhus and other new infections and about 35–37% of total migrants had died. Genetic-epidemiological study support that non-survived migrants were characterized by a higher inbreeding rate, lower heterozygosity and higher physiological sensitivity to the environmental stress. This inter-connected complex had advantage for adaptation of the highlanders to the native environment but diminished their adaptability in the new and/or changing environment. A detailed study using STRP we performed in 1995–1999 in one highland isolate of ethnic Avars of whom about 50% were moved to the lowland area. We found significant differences in genetic and demographical structures between these highland and migrant parts of the isolate: the genetic bottleneck among migrants had a great qualitative and quantitative impact on their gene pool, i.e., lost of rare native population alleles, as well as of about 1/3 of total migrants with certain genotypes. Survived migrants demonstrate shorter lifespan and higher morbidity rate that support their still ongoing genetic adaptation to the lowland environment.

Keywords

EN

Indigenous ethnics; STRP; Migration; Consanguineous marriages; Morbidity; Mortality; Selective deaths

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Open Medicine
• Year: 2008
• Volume: 3
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 396-405

Dates

published

1 - 12 - 2008

online

22 - 10 - 2008

Contributors

author

Kazima Bulayeva

• N.I.Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117809, Moscow, Russia

author

Elizabeth Marchani

• Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt lake City, UT, 84112, USA

author

Olga Kurbatova

• N.I.Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117809, Moscow, Russia

author

Scott Watkins

• Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt lake City, UT, 84112, USA

author

Oleg Bulayev

• N.I.Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117809, Moscow, Russia

author

Henry Harpending

• Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA

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Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/s11536-008-0067-1