Chemical characterization of particulate matter (PM) and source apportionment study during winter and summer period for the city of Kozani, Greece

• Authors: Evangelos Tolis , Dikaia Saraga , George Ammari , Evangelos Gkanas , Theofilos Gougoulas , Christina Papaioannou , Anastasios Sarioglou , Eleftherios Kougioumtzidis , Athina Skemperi , John Bartzis
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Eordaia basin located in northwest of Greece, comprises an area which is characterized by intense energy related activities, including coal burning at four power plants and the associated mining operations. Air samples of inhalable (PM10) and respirable particles (PM2.5) were collected in cold and warm periods in 2010 at an urban background site of Kozani, the major city and capital of the region which is located close to the power plants. Particulate matter concentration, particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and anionic species concentrations were determined using gravimetric, GC-MS in SIM mode and Ion Chromatography analysis, respectively. For the cold period, the mean PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentration was found to be 19.62 and 14.68 µg m−3, respectively. Correspondingly, for the warm period, the mean PM10 and PM2.5 values were 35.29 and 25.75 µg m−3, respectively. In general, the results indicated that the major sources of air pollution in Kozani are traffic, combustion from agricultural activities and lignite power plants emissions, contributing by different percentages to each particle fraction.

Keywords

EN

Particulate Matter; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Ionic Species; Positive Matrix Factorization; Kozani

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Open Chemistry
• Year: 2014
• Volume: 12
• Issue: 6
• Pages: 643-651

Dates

published

1 - 6 - 2014

online

13 - 3 - 2014

Contributors

author

Evangelos Tolis

• University of Western Macedonia

author

Dikaia Saraga

author

George Ammari

• University of Western Macedonia

author

Evangelos Gkanas

• University of Bolton

author

Theofilos Gougoulas

• University of Western Macedonia

author

Christina Papaioannou

• University of Western Macedonia

author

Anastasios Sarioglou

• University of Western Macedonia

author

Eleftherios Kougioumtzidis

• University of Western Macedonia

author

Athina Skemperi

• Loughborough University

author

John Bartzis

• University of Western Macedonia

References

• [1] EU directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe. Official Journal of European Communication L152/1
• [2] C. Samara, Atmospheric Environment 39(34), 6430 (2005) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.027[Crossref]
• [3] V. Evagelopoulos, T.A. Albanis, El. Kodona, S. Zoras, Chemoshpere 80, 235 (2010) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.034[Crossref]
• [4] E.I. Tolis, D.A. Missia, N.D. Charisiou, J.G. Bartzis, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 19, 2006 (2010)
• [5] E. I. Tolis, S. Amarantidis, D.A. Missia, D.E. Saraga, N.E. Koziakis, J.G. Bartzis, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 17, 1634 (2008)
• [6] A.G. Triantafyllou, Environmental Pollution 112(3), 491 (2001) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00131-7[Crossref]
• [7] CEN, Air Quality. Determination of the PM10 Fraction of Suspended Particulate Matter. Reference Method and Field Test Procedure to Demonstrate Reference Equivalence of Measurement Methods, Brussels (EN 12341) 1998
• [8] P. Paatero, Chemometr. Intelligent Lab. Syst. 6037, 23 (1997) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7439(96)00044-5[Crossref]
• [9] D. Saraga, A. Sfetsos, S. Andronopoulos, A. Chronis, Th. Maggos, D. Vlachogiani, J.G. Bartzis, In: I.N. Athanassiadis et al. (Eds.), An investigation of the parameters influencing the determination of the number of particle sources and their contribution to the air quality of an indoor residential environment. Information Technologies in Environmental Engineering, Environmental Science and Engineering (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2009) 453–464, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-88351-7_34
• [10] M. Akyuz, H. Cabuk, J. Hazard. Mater. 170, 13 (2009) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.029[Crossref]
• [11] B. Gomiscek, H. Hauck, S. Stopper, O. Preining, Atmos. Environ. 38, 3917 (2004) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.056[Crossref]
• [12] M. Kalaitzoglou, E. Terzi, C. Samara, Atmos. Environ. 38, 2545 (2004) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.01.042[Crossref]
• [13] J. Mantis, A. Chaloulakou, C. Samara, Chemosphere 59, 593 (2005) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.10.019[Crossref]
• [14] E. Manoli, A. Kouras, C. Samara, Chemosphere 56, 867 (2004) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.03.013[Crossref]
• [15] G. Fang, Y. Wu, C. Chang, T. Ho, Chemosphere 64, 1233 (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.031[Crossref]
• [16] R.K. Larsen, J.E. Baker, Environ. Sci. Technol. 37, 1873 (2003) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0206184[Crossref]
• [17] EC (2004) Directive 2004/107/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air. Official Journal of European Communication L23/3.
• [18] X. Wang, H. Cheng, X. Xu, G. Zhuang, C. Zhao, J. Hazard. Mater. 157, 47 (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.12.092[Crossref]
• [19] K. Ravindra, R. Sokhi, R. Grieken, Atmos. Environ. 42, 2895 (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.010[Crossref]
• [20] W.J. Deng, P.K.K. Louie, W.K. Liu, X.H. Bi, J.M. Fu, M.H. Wong, Atmos. Environ. 40, 6945 (2006) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.032[Crossref]
• [21] X. Querol, A. Alastuey, S. Rodrigues, F. Plana, C.R. Ruiz, N. Cots, G. Massague, O. Puig, Atmos. Environ. 35, 6407 (2001) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00361-2[Crossref]
• [22] D.S. Glavas, P. Nikolakis, D. Ambatzoglou, N. Mihalopoulos, Atmos. Environ. 42, 5365 (2008) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.02.055[Crossref]
• [23] S. Rodrigues, X. Querol, A. Alastuey, M.M. Viana, M. Alarcon, E. Mantilla, C.R. Ruiz, Science of the Total Environment 328, 95 (2004) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00411-X[Crossref]
• [24] E. Yakovleva, P. Hopke, L. Wallace, Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 3645 (1999) http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es981122i[Crossref]

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/s11532-014-0531-5