Effectiveness of Injury Prevention Programs on Developing Quadriceps and Hamstrings Strength of Young Male Professional Soccer Players

• Authors: Abdolhamid Daneshjoo , Nader Rahnama , Abdul Halim Mokhtar , Ashril Yusof
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

Muscular strength is an important factor which is crucial for performance and injury prevention in most sports. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the FIFA’s Medical Assessment and Research Centre 11+ and HarmoKnee injury prevention programs on knee strength of young professional male soccer players. Thirty-six soccer players (age: 18.9 ± 1.4 years) were divided equally into three groups; the 11+, HarmoKnee and control groups. The programs were performed for 24 sessions. Hamstring and quadriceps strength was measured using the Biodex System 3 at 30°, 60° and 90° of knee flexion. The 11+ increased quadriceps strength in the dominant leg by 19.7% and 47.8% at 60°and 90° knee flexion, respectively, and in the non-dominant leg by 16%, 35.3% and 78.1 % at 30°, 60° and 90° knee flexion, respectively. The HarmoKnee group, however, showed increased quadriceps strength only at 90° i.e., by 85.7% in the dominant leg and 73.8% in the non-dominant leg. As for hamstring strength, only the 11+ group demonstrated an increment by 24.8% and 19.8% at 30° and 60° knee flexion in the dominant leg, and in the nondominant leg, by 28.7% and 13.7% at 30° and 60° knee flexion, respectively. In conclusion, both warm-up programs improve quadriceps strength. The 11+ demonstrated improvement in hamstring strength while the HarmoKnee program did not indicate any improvement. We suggest adding eccentric hamstring components such as Nordic hamstring exercise to the HarmoKnee program in order to enhance hamstring strength.

Keywords

EN

knee; strength; professional soccer player; the 11+; HarmoKnee

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Journal of Human Kinetics
• Year: 2013
• Volume: 39
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 115-125

Dates

published

1 - 12 - 2013

online

31 - 12 - 2013

Contributors

author

Abdolhamid Daneshjoo

• Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.

author

Nader Rahnama

• Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

author

Abdul Halim Mokhtar

• Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

author

Ashril Yusof

• Sports Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

References

• Andersen T, Larsen Ø, Tenga A, Engebretsen L, Bahr R. Football incident analysis: a new video based method to describe injury mechanisms in professional football. Br J Sports Med, 2003; 37(3): 226-232[Crossref]
• Bahr R, Holme I. Risk factors for sports injuries-a methodological approach. Br J Sports Med, 2003; 37(5): 384-392[Crossref]
• Brito J, Figueiredo P, Fernandes L, Seabra A, Soares JM, Krustrup P, Rebelo A. Isokinetic strength effects of FIFA's" The 11+" injury prevention training programme. Isokinet Exerc Sci, 2010; 18(4): 211-215[WoS]
• Cheung RT, Smith AW, Wong del P. H: Q Ratios and Bilateral Leg Strength in College Field and Court Sports Players. J Hum Kinet, 2012; 33: 63-71
• Cowley HR, Ford KR, Myer GD, Kernozek TW, Hewett TE. Differences in neuromuscular strategies between landing and cutting tasks in female basketball and soccer athletes. J Athl Train, 2006; 41(1): 67-73
• Daneshjoo A, Rahnama N, Mokhtar AH, Yusof A. Bilateral and unilateral asymmetries of isokinetic strength and flexibility in male young professional soccer players. J Hum Kinet, 2013; 36: 5-13.[WoS]
• Daneshjoo A, Mokhtar AH, Rahnama N, Yusof A. The effects of comprehensive warm-up programs on proprioception, static and dynamic balance on male soccer players. PloS One, 2012; 7(12), e51568[WoS][Crossref]
• Ditroilo M, Forte R, Benelli P, Gambarara D, vito GD. Effects of age and limb dominance on upper and lower limb muscle function in healthy males and females aged 40-80 years. J Sports Sci, 2010; 28(6): 667-677[PubMed][Crossref]
• Drouin JM, Valovich-mcLeod TC, Shultz SJ, Gansneder BM, Perrin DH. Reliability and validity of the Biodex system 3 pro isokinetic dynamometer velocity, torque and position measurements. Eur J ApplPhysiol, 2004; 91(1): 22-29
• Engebretsen AH, Myklebust G, Holme I, Engebretsen L, Bahr R. Prevention of injuries among male soccer players. Am J Sports Med, 2008; 36(6): 1052-1060[Crossref]
• Fousekis K, Tsepis E, Poulmedis P, Athanasopoulos S, Vagenas G. Intrinsic risk factors of non-contact quadriceps and hamstring strains in soccer: a prospective study of 100 professional players. Br JSports Med, 2011; 45(9): 709-714[Crossref]
• Holcomb WR, Rubley MD, Lee HJ, Guadagnoli MA. Effect of hamstring-emphasized resistance training on hamstring: quadriceps strength ratios. J Strength Cond Res, 2007; 21(1): 41-47[PubMed]
• Iga J, George K, Lees A, Reilly T. Cross-sectional investigation of indices of isokinetic leg strength in youth soccer players and untrained individuals. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2009; 19(5): 714-719[PubMed][Crossref][WoS]
• Junge A, Dvorak J, Graf-Baumann T, Peterson L. Football injuries during FIFA tournaments and the Olympic Games, 1998-2001. Am J Sports Med, 2004; 32(1): 80-89
• Kiani A, Hellquist E, Ahlqvist K, Gedeborg R, Michaëlsson K, Byberg L. Prevention of soccer-related knee injuries in teenaged girls. Arch Intern Med, 2010; 170(1): 43-49[WoS][Crossref][PubMed]
• Knapik JJ, Bauman CL, Jones BH, Harris JMA, Vaughan L. Preseason strength and flexibility imbalances associated with athletic injuries in female collegiate athletes. Am J Sports Med, 1991; 19(1): 76-81[Crossref]
• Lehance C, Binet J, Bury T, Croisier JL. Muscular strength, functional performances and injury risk in professional and junior elite soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2009; 19(2): 243-251[WoS][PubMed]
• Mjølsnes R, Arnason A, Raastad T, Bahr R. A 10-week randomized trial comparing eccentric vs. concentric hamstring strength training in well-trained soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2004; 14(5): 311-317[Crossref]
• Olsen OE, Myklebust G, Engebretsen L, Holme I, Bahr R. Exercises to prevent lower limb injuries in youth sports: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 2005; 330(7489): 449[PubMed][Crossref]
• Oshita K, Yano S. Asymmetry of Force Fluctuation During Low Intensity Isometric Contraction in Leg Muscle. Int J Exerc Sci, 2010; 3: 68-77
• Park WH, Kim DK, Yoo JC, Lee YS, Hwang JH, Chang MJ, Park YS. Correlation between dynamic postural stability and muscle strength, anterior instability, and knee scale in anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2010; 130(8): 1013-1018[PubMed]
• Parulytė D, Masiulis N, Aleknavičiūtė V, Solianik R, Dargevičiūtė G, Skurvydas A, Streckis V. Knee muscle torque and H: Q ratio changes before ACL surgery and after rehabilitation. Sports Nr, 2011; 2(81): 38-44
• Rahnama N, Bambaeichi E, Daneshjoo AH. The epidemiology of knee injuries in Iranian male professional soccer players. Sport Sci Health, 2009; 5(1): 9-14[Crossref]
• Rahnama N, Lees A, Bambaecichi E. A comparison of muscle strength and flexibility between the preferred and non-preferred leg in English soccer players. Ergonomics, 2005; 48(11-14): 1568-1575
• Sale DG. Postactivation potentiation: role in human performance. Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 2002; 30(3): 138-143[Crossref][PubMed]
• Sander A, Keiner M, Schlumberger A, Wirth K, Schmidtbleicher D. Effects of functional exercises in the warm-up on sprint performances. J Strength Cond Res, 2013; 27(4): 995-1001[PubMed][WoS][Crossref]
• Sasaki K, Ishii N. Shortening velocity of human triceps surae muscle measured with the slack test in vivo. JPhysiol, 2005; 567(3): 1047-1056
• Schiltz M, Lehance C, Maquet D, Bury T, Crielaard JM, Croisier JL. Explosive strength imbalances in professional basketball players. J Ath Train, 2009; 44(1): 39-47[WoS]
• Soligard T, Myklebust G, Steffen K, Holme I, Silvers H, Bizzini M, Junge A, Dvorak J, Bahr R, Andersen TE. Comprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuries in young female footballers: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 2008; 337: a2469[PubMed]
• Steffen K, Bakka H, Myklebust G, Bahr R. Performance aspects of an injury prevention program: a ten-week intervention in adolescent female football players. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2008; 18(5):596-604[Crossref]
• Stoll T, Huber E, Seifert B, Michel B, Stucki G. Maximal isometric muscle strength: normative values and gender-specific relation to age. Clin Rheumatol, 2000; 19(2):105-113[Crossref][PubMed]
• Tourny-Chollet C, Leroy D. Conventional vs. dynamic hamstring-quadriceps strength ratios: a comparison between players and sedentary subjects. Isokinet Exerc Sci, 2002; 10(4): 183-192
• Lu TW, Chien HL, Chang LY, Hsu HC. Enhancing the Examiner’s Resisting Force Improves the Validity of Manual Muscle Strength Measurements: Application to Knee Extensors and Flexors. J StrengthCond Res, 2012; 26(9): 2364-2371[Crossref]
• Yamaguchi T, Ishii K. Effects of static stretching for 30 seconds and dynamic stretching on leg extension power. J Strength Cond Res, 2005; 19(3): 677-683

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/hukin-2013-0074