Effects of a Dynamic Warm-Up, Static Stretching or Static Stretching with Tendon Vibration on Vertical Jump Performance and EMG Responses

• Authors: Bulent Yapicioglu , Muzaffer Colakoglu , Zafer Colakoglu , Halil Gulluoglu , Fikret Bademkiran , Ozgur Ozkaya
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of static stretching, with vibration given directly over Achilles tendon, on electro-myographic (EMG) responses and vertical jump (VJ) performances. Fifteen male, college athletes voluntarily participated in this study (n=15; age: 22±4 years old; body height: 181±10 cm; body mass: 74±11 kg). All stages were completed within 90 minutes for each participant. Tendon vibration bouts lasted 30 seconds at 50 Hz for each volunteer. EMG analysis for peripheral silent period, H-reflex, H-reflex threshold, T-reflex and H/M ratio were completed for each experimental phases. EMG data were obtained from the soleus muscle in response to electro stimulation on the popliteal post tibial nerve. As expected, the dynamic warm-up (DW) increased VJ performances (p=0.004). Increased VJ performances after the DW were not statistically substantiated by the EMG findings. In addition, EMG results did not indicate that either static stretching (SS) or tendon vibration combined with static stretching (TVSS) had any detrimental or facilitation effect on vertical jump performances. In conclusion, using TVSS does not seem to facilitate warm-up effects before explosive performance.

Keywords

EN

Exercise; reflex; silent period; surface electromyography

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Journal of Human Kinetics
• Year: 2013
• Volume: 39
• Issue: 1
• Pages: 49-57

Dates

published

1 - 12 - 2013

online

31 - 12 - 2013

Contributors

author

Bulent Yapicioglu

• Ege University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Department of Coaching Education, Turkey.

author

Muzaffer Colakoglu

• Ege University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Department of Coaching Education, Turkey.

author

Zafer Colakoglu

• Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neurology, Izmir, Turkey.

author

Halil Gulluoglu

• 18 Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neurology, Canakkale, Turkey.

author

Fikret Bademkiran

• Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Neurology, Division of Clinical Neurology, Izmir, Turkey.

author

Ozgur Ozkaya

• Ege University, School of Physical Education and Sports, Department of Coaching Education, Turkey.

References

• Bosco C, Cardinale M, Tsarpela O. Influence of vibration on mechanical power and electromyogram activity in human arm flexor muscles. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 1999; 79: 306-311[PubMed][Crossref]
• Bosco C, Iacovelli M, Tsarpela O, Cardinale M, Bonifazi M, Tihanyi J, Viru M, De Lorenzo A, Viru A. Hormonal responses to whole-body vibration in men. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2000; 81: 449-454[Crossref][PubMed]
• Bradley PS, Olsen PD, Portas MD. The effect of static, ballistic, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2007; 21: 223-226[PubMed][Crossref][WoS]
• Cardinale M, Bosco C. The use of vibration as an exercise intervention. Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 2003; 31: 3-7[PubMed][Crossref]
• Cardinale M, Lim J. Electromyography activity of vastus lateralis muscle during whole-body vibrations of different frequencies. J Strength Cond Res, 2003; 17: 621-624[PubMed]
• Cardinale M, Wakeling J. Whole body vibration exercise: are vibrations good for you? British Journal of SportsMedicine, 2005; 39: 585-589
• Clarys JP, Cabri J. Electromyography and the study of sports movements: a review. J Sports Sci, 1993; 11: 379-448[Crossref]
• Cramer JT, Housh TJ, Johnson GO, Weir JP, Beck TW, Coburn JW. An acute bout of static stretching does not affect maximal eccentric isokinetic peak torque, the joint angle at peak torque, mean power, electromyography, or mechanomyography. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2007; 37: 130-139[WoS][PubMed][Crossref]
• Cross KM, Worrell TW. Effects of a static stretching program on the incidence of lower extremity musculotendinous strains. J Athl Train, 1999; 34: 11-14
• Delecluse C, Roelants M, Verschueren S. Strength increase after whole-body vibration compared with resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2003; 35: 1033-1041[PubMed][Crossref]
• Faigenbaum AD, McFarland JE, Schwerdtman JA, Ratamess NA, Kang J, Hoffman JR. Dynamic warm-up protocols, with and without a weighted vest, and fitness performance in high school female athletes. JAthl Train, 2006; 41: 357-363[PubMed]
• Fletcher IM, Anness R. The acute effects of combined static and dynamic stretch protocols on fifty-meter sprint performance in track-and-field athletes. J Strength Cond Res, 2007; 21: 784-787[PubMed]
• Fowles JR, Sale DG, MacDougall JD. Reduced strength after passive stretch of the human plantarflexors. JAppl Physiol, 2000; 89: 1179-1188
• Herda TJ, Ryan ED, Smith AE, Walter AA, Bemben MG, Stout JR, Cramer JT. Acute effects of passive stretching vs vibration on the neuromuscular function of the plantar flexors. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2009; 19: 703-713[PubMed][Crossref][WoS]
• Hough PA, Ross EZ, Howatson G. Effects of dynamic and static stretching on vertical jump performance and electromyographic activity. J Strength Cond Res, 2009; 23: 507-512[Crossref][PubMed]
• Jordan MJ, Norris SR, Smith DJ, Herzog W. Vibration training: an overview of the area, training consequences, and future considerations. J Strength Cond Res, 2005; 19: 459-466[PubMed]
• Kinser AM, Ramsey MW, O'Bryant HS, Ayres CA, Sands WA, Stone MH. Vibration and stretching effects on flexibility and explosive strength in young gymnasts. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2008; 40: 133-140[Crossref][PubMed][WoS]
• Kokkonen J, Nelson AG, Cornwell A. Acute muscle stretching inhibits maximal strength performance. Res QExerc Sport, 1998; 69: 411-415[Crossref]
• Lapole T, Perot C. Effects of repeated Achilles tendon vibration on triceps surae force production. JElectromyogr Kinesiol, 2010; 20: 648-654[Crossref]
• Luo J, McNamara B, Moran K. The use of vibration training to enhance muscle strength and power. SportsMed, 2005; 35: 23-41
• Manoel ME, Harris-Love MO, Danoff JV, Miller TA. Acute effects of static, dynamic, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on muscle power in women. J Strength Cond Res, 2008; 22: 1528-1534[WoS][PubMed][Crossref]
• Martin BJ, Park HS. Analysis of the tonic vibration reflex: influence of vibration variables on motor unit synchronization and fatigue. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 1997; 75: 504-511[Crossref][PubMed]
• McMillian DJ, Moore JH, Hatler BS, Taylor DC. Dynamic vs. static-stretching warm up: the effect on power and agility performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2006; 20: 492-499[PubMed]
• Mischi M, Cardinale M. The effects of a 28-Hz vibration on arm muscle activity during isometric exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2009; 41: 645-653[Crossref][PubMed]
• Power K, Behm D, Cahill F, Carroll M, Young W. An acute bout of static stretching: effects on force and jumping performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2004; 36: 1389-1396[Crossref][PubMed]
• Shellock FG, Prentice WE. Warming-up and stretching for improved physical performance and prevention of sports-related injuries. Sports Med, 1985; 2: 267-278[Crossref][PubMed]
• Wallmann HW, Mercer JA, McWhorter JW. Surface electromyographic assessment of the effect of static stretching of the gastrocnemius on vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2005; 19: 684-688[WoS][PubMed]
• Young W, Elliott S. Acute effects of static stretching, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching, and maximum voluntary contractions on explosive force production and jumping performance. Res QExerc Sport, 2001; 72: 273-279[Crossref]
• Young WB, Behm DG. Effects of running, static stretching and practice jumps on explosive force production and jumping performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 2003; 43: 21-27 [PubMed]

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/hukin-2013-0067