Kinematic Variables Evolution During a 200-m Maximum Test in Young Paddlers

• Authors: Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal , Fernando Alacid , Daniel López-Plaza , José María Muyor , Pedro A. López-Miñarro
• Languages of publication: EN

Abstracts

EN

The objective of this research was to determine the kinematic variables evolution in a sprint canoeing maximal test over 200 m, comparing women and men kayak paddlers and men canoeists. Speed evolution, cycle frequency, cycle length and cycle index were analysed each 50 m section in fifty-two young paddlers (20 male kayakers, 17 female kayakers and 15 male canoeists; 13-14 years-old). Recordings were taken from a boat which followed each paddler trial in order to measure the variables cited above. Kinematic evolution was similar in the three categories, the speed and cycle index decreased through the test after the first 50 m. Significant differences were observed among most of the sections in speed and the cycle index (p<0.05 and <0.01, respectively). Cycle length remained stable showing the lowest values in the first section when compared with the others (p<0.01). Cycle frequency progressively decreased along the distance. Significant differences were identified in the majority of the sections (p<0.01). Men kayakers attained higher values in all the variables than women kayakers and men canoeists, but only such variables as speed, cycle length and cycle index were observed to be significantly higher (p<0.01). Moreover, lower kinematic values were obtained from men canoeists. The study of the evolution of kinematic variables can provide valuable information for athletes and coaches while planning training sessions and competitions.

Keywords

EN

Speed evolution; cycle frequency; cycle length; cycle index; kayakers; canoeists

• Publisher: De Gruyter Open
• Journal: Journal of Human Kinetics
• Year: 2013
• Volume: 38
• Pages: 15-22

Dates

published

1 - 09 - 2013

online

08 - 10 - 2013

Contributors

author

Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal

• Chair of Sport Traumatology. Catholic University of San Antonio of Murcia. Spain

author

Fernando Alacid

• Department of Physical Activity and Sports. Catholic University of San Antonio of Murcia. Spain

author

Daniel López-Plaza

• Department of Sport, Coaching and Exercise Science. University of Lincoln. England

author

José María Muyor

• Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics and Ergonomics (KIBIOMER). University of Almería. Spain

author

Pedro A. López-Miñarro

• Department of Physical Education. University of Murcia. Spain

References

• Alacid F, Carrasco L. Distribution of effort over 1000 meters in canoeing. In Brizuela G, Llana S and Guzmán JF (Ed.), III Congreso de la Asociación Española de Ciencias del Deporte. Valencia: University of Valencia; 2004
• Alacid F, Ferrer V, Martínez E, Carrasco L. Quantitative analysis of the technique of paddling in infant kayakers. Motricidad. European Journal of Human Movement, 2005; 13: 133-146
• Alacid F, López-Miñarro PA, Muyor JM, Isorna M, Gutiérrez A. Methodology for quantitative analysis paddling technique in canoeing. In A. Guitierrez, M. Isorna, I. Prieto, F. Alacid (Ed.), Research inscience of physical activity and Sport: canoeing. O Milladoiro-Ames: 2.0 Editora, 191-208; 2011
• Alacid F, Torres G, Sánchez J, Carrasco L. Validity of canoeing ergometry. Preliminary study. Motricidad. European Journal of Human Movement, 2006; 15: 119-127
• Barnes CA, Adams PC. Reliability and criterion validity of a 120 s maximal sprint on a kayak ergometer. JSport Sci, 1998; 16: 25-26
• Bishop D, Bonetti D, Dawson B. The influence of pacing strategy on VO2 and supramaximal kayak performance. Med Sci Sport Exer, 2002; 34: 1041-1047[Crossref]
• Brown M, Delau S, Desgorces F. Effort regulation in rowing races depends on performance level and exercise mode. J Sci Med Sport, 2010; 13: 613-617[Crossref][PubMed]
• Cappaert JM, Pease DL, Troup JP. Three-dimensional analysis of the men’s 100 m freestyle during the 1992 Olympic Games. J Appl Biomech, 1995; 11: 103-112
• Costill DL, Kovaleski J, Porter D, Fielding R, King, D. Energy expenditure during front crawl swimming: prediction in middle distance events. Int J Sport Med, 1985; 6: 266-270[Crossref]
• Craig AB, Pendergast DR. Relationships of stroke rate, distance per stroke, and velocity in competitive swimming. Med Sci Sport Exerc, 1979; 11: 278-283
• Craig AB, Skehan PL, Pawelczyk JA, Boomer WL. Velocity, stroke rate, and distance per stroke during elite swimming competition. Med Sci Sport Exer, 1985; 17: 625-634[Crossref]
• Garland SW. An analysis of the pacing strategy adopted by elite competitors in 2000 m rowing. Brit J SportMed, 2005; 39: 39-42
• Gray GL, Matheson GO, McKenzie DC. The metabolic cost of two kayaking techniques. Int J Sport Med, 1995; 16: 250-254[Crossref]
• Hanon C, Thomas C. Effects of optimal pacing strategies for 400-, 800-, and 1500-m races on the VO2 response. J Sport Sci, 2011; 29: 905-912[WoS]
• Hay JG, Guimaraes ACS, Grimston S. A quantitative look at swimming biomechanics. Swimming technique, 1983; 20: 11-17
• Hettinga FJ, Koning JJ, Hulleman M, Foster C. Relative importance of pacing strategy and mean power output in 1500-m self-paced cycling. Brit J Sport Med, 2009; 46: 30-35[WoS]
• Issurin V. Analysis of the race strategy of world-class kayakers. In V. Issurin (Ed.), Science & practice ofcanoe/kayak high-performance training: selected articles in memory of junior world champion Nevo Eitan. Tel- Aviv: Elite Sport Department of Israel, 27-39; 1998
• Keskinen K, Komi PV. Stroking characteristics of front crawl swimming during exercise. J Appl Biomech, 1994; 9: 219-223
• Keskinen K, Tilli L, Kromi P. Maximum velocity swimming: interrelationships of stroking characteristics, force production and anthropometric variables. Scand J Sport Sci, 1989; 11: 87-92
• McCabe C, Psycharakis S, Sanders R. Kinematic differences between front crawl sprint and distance swimmers at sprint pace. J Sport Sci, 2011; 29: 115-123[Crossref]
• Micklewright D, Papadopoulou E, Swart J, Noakes T. Previous experience influences pacing during 20 km time trial cycling. Brit J Sport Med, 2010; 44: 952-960[Crossref][WoS]
• Muehlbauer T, Melges T. Pacing patterns in competitive rowing adopted in different race categories. JStrength Cond Res, 2011; 25: 1293-1298[WoS][Crossref]
• Muehlbauer T, Schindler C, Widmer A. Pacing pattern and performance during the 2008 Olympic rowing regatta. Eur J Sport Sci, 2010; 10: 291-296 [WoS]
• Noakes TD, Lambert MI, Hauman R. Which lap is the slowest? An analysis of 32 world mile record performances. Brit J Sport Med, 2009; 43: 760-764[Crossref][WoS]
• Pelayo P, Sidney M, Kherif T, Chollet D, Tourny C. Stroking characteristics in freestyle swimming and relationships with anthropometric characteristics. J Appl Biomech, 1996; 12: 197-206
• Pérez-Landaluce J, Rodríguez-Alonso M, Fernández-García B, Bustillo-Fernández E, Terrados N. Importance of wash riding in kayaking training and competition. Med Sci Sport Exerc, 1998; 30: 1721-1724
• Sánchez JL, Magaz S. The technique. In J. L. Sánchez (Ed.), Canoeing (I). Madrid: COE, 101-386; 1993
• Sealey RM, Ness KF, Leicht AS. Effect of self-selected and induced slow and fast paddling on stroke kinematics during 1000 m outrigger canoeing ergometry. J Sport Sci Med, 2011; 10: 52-58
• Sperlich J, Baker JD. Biomechanical testing in elite canoeing. In K.E. Gianikellis (Ed.), XXth InternationalSymposium on Biomechanics in Sports. Cáceres: University of Extremadura, 44-47; 2002
• Van Someren KA, Oliver JE. The efficacy of ergometry determined heart rates for flatwater kayak training. Int J Sport Med, 2002; 23: 28-32 [Crossref]

Identifiers

DOI

10.2478/hukin-2013-0041